Introduction to

Science, Technology
and Society
At the end of the Chapter,
Students should be able
The
to:Define Science, Technology and
Society
▪
•Discuss the History of Science
and
Technology
•Explain the relationship of
Science,
Technology and Society
 SCIENCE
▪ comes from the Latin word scientia, meaning
knowledge. It refers to a systematic and
methodical activity of building and organizing
knowledge about how the universe behaves
through observation, experimentation or both.

“Modern Science is a discovery as well as an

invention - John Heilbron

Science required invention to devise techniques,

abstractions, apparatuses and organizations to
describe the natural regularities in nature and
their laws and principles.
TECHNOLOGY
Comes from the Greek root Techne
meaning “art, skill or cunning of hand”
It is the application of scientific
knowledge,
laws and principles to produce services,
materials, tools and machines aimed at
solving real-world problems.
What defines a technological tool –one historical
definition- is something that takes a human’s sense or
ability and augments it and makes it more powerful. So,
for example, I wear contact lenses or glasses: that=s is a
technology that enhances my human ability of vision and
makes it better

-Mark Zuckerberg :CEO Facebook

Positive Impact of Technology
▪
1. Improves Learning 2. Ensures Better 3. Provides Quality
Processes Communication Across Any Healthcare
▪ Many helpful and relevant Distance Technological
resources are available for Technology has impacted how in the
advancements medical
learning. eBooks, blogs, people talk and communicate industry improved
online schools, visual aids, with one another. It brought in the quality
health of
systems
and audiobooks have many new electronic worldwide.
changed how people acquire communication methods like Medical technology helps
knowledge emails, face timing, and video doctors easily detect
▪ Thanks to educational conferencing applications. symptoms and diseases
technology, learning is more Thanks to before they get out of
interactive and collaborative. technology, an accounting
communication hand. It also provides
The internet gives you firm in England can better safety equipment
access to unlimited effectively
communicate with clients from to prevent medical
▪ professionals from
information. the
▪ Students can easily take United States. The firm can contracting diseases
advantage of innovative apps hire employees from different while treating patients.
and tutorials online that continents and hold virtual
encourage self-paced meetings via video
conferencing software like
Negative Impact of Technology
1. Brings Deadlier Effect in Wars 2. Causes Pollution 3. Has a Negative Influence on
Improvements in military Technologies, especially Social Communication
▪
technology like fuel- powered machines, Recent technological
sophisticated guns, drones, harm the
environment. Some developments like
fighter jets, armoredtanks, contributors smartphones and the
bombs, and nuclear are factories running heavy internet have impaired
weapons worsened the machines
petrol with diesel, coal, relations between people.
effect of wars on human and
.
societies. The negative impact of A study by the European
▪
these technologies led to a Parliament shows the
Take the destructive effect of
the surge in demand for clean internet affects people in a
energy alternatives. Today, negative way when it comes
World Wars as an example. It
industries are investing in to socialization. This impact
solar, wind power, and causes a massive decrease
to millions of lost lives, the led
other clean energy sources in physical and psychological
familie
destruction of crucial to overcome well-being, especially among
infrastructures, and displaced environmental in
s. young
challenges. society.people
 Difference Between Science and Technology
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

▪ Search for knowledge • Practical application of knowledge

▪ Way of understanding ourselves and the way of adopting ourselves to the
physical World • physical world
▪ Process of asking questions and finding Process of finding solutions to
answers, then creating broad human problems to make lives
•
generalizations easier and better Look for ways to
▪ Looks for order or patterns in the control the physical world
physical word • Evaluated by how well it works
▪ Evaluated by how well the facts support • Limited by financial costs and safety
•
the conclusion or theory concerns
▪ Limited by the ability to collect relevant • Advances give rise to scientific
facts discoveries
▪ Discoveries give rise to technological
advances
History of Science and
Technology
Scientists rely on evolving technology to conduct experiments and validate
for example, Galileo using a telescope in the early 1600s to upend the age-
theories; that the sun revolved around the Earth. While Galileo is credited
old belief ground rules for scientific research, he was not the first scientist
with establishing the
the
to heavens
place the led to
sun at the publication of his groundbreaking theories of
the centerof the universe. One century before Galileo, Nicolaus Copernicus’
study of
heliocentrism.

The Scientific Revolution reached its zenith in the 17th century, with Sir
Isaac Newton leading the way; his unveiling of the laws of motion launched
the birth of modern physics. William Harvey, an Englishman like Newton,
established modern biology with his study of the circulation of the blood.
Meanwhile, Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens’ work advanced the fields of
optics and mechanics. Huygens also invented the pendulum clock.
History of Science and
Technology

In the 20th century, several key figures further revolutionized science: Albert Einstein, with his
theories of relativity; Max Planck, through his study of quantum theory; and Werner
Heisenberg, who all but created the field of quantum mechanics. In the life sciences, one of
the most historic breakthroughs was by James Watson and Francis Crick, who mapped the
double-helix structure of the DNA molecule. Moreover, scientific research was vital in
eradicating dreaded scourges like smallpox and polio.

The development of computers in the latter half of the 20th century led to even greater
scientific progress. Computers allowed researchers to process data and perform calculations
instantly—and with greater accuracy. Furthermore, scientists could test their theories using
computer models. In the early 21st century, the internet and social media have influenced the
way people interact with each other.
SOCIET Y
▪A society comprises a group of individuals living
same territory under the same organizational
in the A society shares many economic, political,
system.
andsociety is made up of a certain group of
A
cultural characteristics.
individuals who follow a certain order. All
▪
societies are characterized by sharing common
customs from different fields, such as using the
same currency, the same context and historical
past, and even festivals and cultural traditions.
Relationship between Science,
Technology and Society
▪
Science Technology and
Society have strong
Relationships between each
other. Science is the mother
of technology and boththe
are

reasons for the creation and

development of the societies.