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Chapter 5

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48 views24 pages

Chapter 5

Uploaded by

Memo LOl
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fuzzy Logic

What is Fuzzy Logic?

 Fuzzy Logic (FL) is a method of


reasoning that resembles human
reasoning. This approach is like
how humans perform decision
making. And it involves all
intermediate possibilities
between YES and NO.
Fuzzy Logic Vs Boolean Logic
 In the Boolean system, only two possibilities (0 and 1)
exist, where 1 denotes the absolute truth value and 0
denotes the absolute false value.

 But in the fuzzy system, there are multiple


possibilities present between the 0 and 1, which are
partially false and partially true.
Characteristics of Fuzzy Logi
1.Fuzzy logic concept is flexible, and it can be easily
understood and implemented.

2. It is used for helping the minimization of the logics


created by the human.

3.It is the best method for finding the solution of those


problems which are suitable for approximate or
uncertain reasoning.

4.In the Fuzzy logic, any system which is logical can be


easily fuzzified.
Architecture-Fuzzy Logic Syste
In the architecture of the Fuzzy
Logic system, each component plays an
important role. The architecture consists of
the different four components which are
given below.
1.Rule Base
2.Fuzzification
3.Inference Engine
4.Defuzzification
Architecture-Fuzzy Logic Syste
1. Rule Base : Rule Base is a component used for
storing the set of rules and the If-Then conditions
given by the experts are used for controlling the
decision-making systems.
2. Fuzzification : Fuzzification is a module or
component for transforming the system inputs,
i.e., it converts the crisp number into fuzzy steps.
The crisp numbers are those inputs which are
measured by the sensors. This component divides
the input signals into many states in any Fuzzy
Logic system.
Architecture-Fuzzy Logic Syste
3. Inference Engine : All the information are processed in
the Inference Engine. It allows users to find the
matching degree between the current fuzzy input and
the rules. After the matching degree, this system
determines which rule is to be added according to the
given input field. When all rules are fired, then they are
combined for developing the control actions.
4. Defuzzification: Defuzzification is a module or
component, which takes the fuzzy set inputs generated
by the Inference Engine, and then transforms them into
a crisp value. The crisp value is a type of value which is
acceptable by the user. Various techniques are present
to do this, but the user has to select the best one for
Membership Function

 The membership function is


a graph that defines how each point in
the input space is mapped to
membership value between 0 and 1.
 It allows you to quantify linguistic
terms and represent a fuzzy set
graphically. A membership function for
a fuzzy set A on the universe of
discourse X is defined as μA:X → [0,1]
Membership Function

 It quantifies the degree of


membership of the element in X to
the fuzzy set A.
• x-axis represents the universe of
discourse.
• y-axis represents the degrees of
membership in the [0, 1] interval.
Example
Applications of Fuzzy
Logic

• It is used in the aerospace


field for altitude control of
spacecraft and satellite.
• This controls the speed and
traffic in the automotive
systems.
• It is used for decision making
support systems and personal
evaluation in the large company
• It also controls the pH, drying, chemical
distillation process in the chemical industry.
• Fuzzy logic is used in Natural language
processing and various intensive
applications in Artificial Intelligence.
• It is extensively used in modern control
systems such as expert systems.
• Fuzzy Logic mimics how a person would make
decisions, only much faster. Thus, you can use
it with Neural Networks.
 Q: Identify 5 advantages and
disadvantages of fuzzy logic.
Example 1:for deciding the speed of
a self driving car based on input
temperature and whether
Crisp Input from sensors
Fuzzification (Crisp to
Fuzzy values for
temperature)
Fuzzification (Crisp to
Fuzzy values for cover)
Inference Engine

 Symbol(AND) is for minimum


Defuzzification
 Weighted Average Method:
This method is less computationally
intensive. Each membership function
is weighted by its maximum
membership value.
Variables
Linguistic variables are input and output variables in the form
of simple words or sentences.
Algorithm for implementing
fuzzy system
• Define linguistic Variables and terms (start)
• Construct membership functions for them. (start)
• Construct knowledge base of rules (start)
• Convert crisp data into fuzzy data sets using
membership functions. (fuzzification)
• Evaluate rules in the rule base. (Inference Engine)
• Combine results from each rule. (Inference Engine)
• Convert output data into non-fuzzy values.
(defuzzification)

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