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Spillway

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EK Harshini
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28 views16 pages

Spillway

Uploaded by

EK Harshini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPILLWAY

S
SPILL WAYS
• When the water in the reservoir increases, the large
accumulation of water endangers the stability of the dam
structure. To avoid this a structure is provided in the body of a
dam or near the dam or periphery of the reservoir. This
structure is called as spillway.
• Mainly used to discharge water during flood period.

Requirements:
• Provide structural stability to the dam under all condition
• Should able to pass the designed flood without raising the reservoir
level above H.F.L.
• Should have an efficient operation
• Should be economical
FUNCTION
• The spillway has the function of
discharging all the water not utilized for
generation.

• For example, the maximum discharge


capacity of the spillway is 62.2 thousand
m3/s; 40 times greater than the mean
discharge.
LOCATION OF SPILLWAY
• Generally, the spillways are provided
at the following places
• Spillways may be provided within
the body of the dam.
• Spillways may sometimes be provided
at one side or both sides of the dam.
• Sometimes by-pass spillway is
provided which is completely separate
from the dam.
TYPES OF SPILLWAYS
 Overfall spillway
 Chute spillway
 Saddle spillway
 Shaft spillway
 Side channel spillway
 Emergency spillway
 siphon spillway
Overfall spillway Chute spillways
• that allows water to pass over its crest In this type water is conveyed from the
widely used on gravity, arch, & reservoir to the river or to nalla below
buttress dam the dam through an excavated open
• This is a simplest type channel, through fairly steep slope

Overfall spillways
SHAFT SPILLWAY
 The shape is just like a funnel .
 water drops through a vertical shaft in the foundation material to a
horizontal conduit that conveys the water past the dam.
 Lower end of shaft is turned at right angle and then water
taken out below the dam horizontally.
 Also called as glory hole spillway.
SADDLE SPILLWAYS
This type is mainly used when other types are
not favourable.
In some basins formed by a dam, there may
be one or more natural depressions or
saddles in the rim of the basin, which can be
used as spillway.
It is essential that the bottom of the depression
should be at full reservoir level.
It is usually necessary for the saddle to be on
firm rock.
SIDE CHANNEL SPILLWAY
 When the dam is not rigid and it is undesirable to pass flood water
over the dam , this type of spillway is used.
 After passing crossing over the spillway crest ,water flows parallel
to
the crest.
SIPHON SPILLWAYS
 It is designed by the principle of a siphon.
 When water rises over the FRL then water start spilling.
There is a air vent for removing the entrapped pressure from
the water.
EMERGENCY SPILLWAY
• This type is rarely used .
• Extra spillways provided on a project in rare case of
extreme floods(emergency)
• Used to convey frequently occurring outflow rates.
ADVANTAGES
• Very stable. The likelihood of serious structural
damage is less than for other types of
structures.
• The rectangular weir is less likely to be clogged
by debris than the openings or other
structures of comparative discharge
capacities.
• They are relatively easy to construct. The
concrete block type can be built with farm
labor, while the reinforced concrete or steel
sheet piling type usually requires the services
of a contractor.
DISADVANTAGES
• It is more costly than some other types of
structures where the required discharge
capacity is less than 100 c.f.s. and the total
head or drop is greater than 10 feet.

• It is not a favorable structure where


temporary spillway storage is needed to
obtain a large reduction in discharge.

• A stable grade below the structure is


essential.
ENERGY DISSIPATION

• As water passes over a spillway and down the


chute, potential energy converts into increasing
kinetic energy capacity of its power plant

• The energy can be dissipated by


addressing one or more parts of a
spillway's design
ENERGY DISSIPATION
• Spillway gates may operate suddenly without warning, under remote
control

• Trespassers within the spillway run the risk of drowning

• Spillways are usually fenced and equipped with locked gates to


prevent casual trespassing within the structure

• Warning signs, sirens, and other measures may be in place to warn


users of the downstream area of sudden release of water
•
• Operating protocols may require "cracking" a gate to release a
small amount of water to warn persons downstream

• The sudden closure of a spillway gate can result in the stranding


of fish, and this is also usually avoided

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