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Lecture 28

Calculus Presentation 28

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12 views22 pages

Lecture 28

Calculus Presentation 28

Uploaded by

thedarkobliteration
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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If A is an n x n matrix, then

the following statements


are equivalent.
(a) A has nontrivial fixed
points.
(b) I – A is singular.
(c) det(I – A) = 0
In each part, determine whether
the matrix has nontrivial fixed
points; and, if so, graph the
subspace of fixed points in an
xy-coordinate system.
 3 6  0 2
(a) A   (b) A  
 1 2   0 1 
If A is an n x n matrix, for
what values of the scalar,
if any, are there nonzero
vectors in Rn such that
Ax  x
If A is an n x n matrix,
then a scalar λ is called
an eigenvalue of A if
there is a nonzero vector
x such that Ax = λ x.
…
If λ is an eigenvalue of A,
then every nonzero vector x
such that Ax = λ x is called
an eigenvector of A
corresponding to λ .
 1 6  6  3
Let A   , u   , and v   .
 5 2  -5  -2 

Are u and v eigenvectors


of A?
 1 6   6   -24   6
Au       - 4   - 4u
 5 2   -5  20   -5

 1 6   3   -9   3
Av         
 5 2   -2   11  -2 
Show that 7 is an eigenvalue
of the matrix A and find the
corresponding eigenvectors,
where
 1 6
A  
 5 2
 4 -1 6 
Let 
A  2 1 6  .
 2 -1 8 

An eigenvalue of A is 2. Find
a basis for the corresponding
eigenspace.
Observe
Ax  x
( I - A) x 0
det ( I - A) 0
λ
If A is an n x n matrix and
is a scalar, then the
following statements are
equivalent.
(i) λ is an eigenvalue of A.
(ii) λ is a solution of the
equation det(λI - A) = 0
(iii) The linear system
( I - A) x 0
has nontrivial solutions.
Eigenvalues of
Triangular Matrices
Characteristic Polynomial :
det(λI - A)= (λ - a11 )(λ - a22 )(λ - ann )

Eigenvalues :
1 a11 , 2 a22 ,  , n ann
If A is a triangular matrix
(upper triangular, lower
triangular, or diagonal)
then the eigenvalues of A
are the entries on the
main diagonal of A.
 12 0 0 0
 -1 - 2 
0 0
A  3
 7 85 6 0
4 
 9 -4 3 6

p ( ) ( - )(  )( - 6)


1
2
2
3
2

  ,   23 , and  6
1
2
If λ is an eigenvalue of a
matrix A and x is a
corresponding eigenvector,
and if k is any positive
k
integer, then λ is an
eigenvalue of Ak and x is a
corresponding eigenvector.

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