NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

• Network Layout/ Designs

• How Computers are organized/arranged in a network

1. Client-Serve Network
2. Peer-to-Peer Network
3. Cloud Computing
CLIENT SERVER NETWORK

• Client is a computer (Host) who is capable of receiving information or using a particular service from service
providers (Server)
• Server is a powerful computer which provides information or access to particular services.
• Also known as request-response network
• It majorly concentrates on sharing the information.
• Client makes a request to the server and it’s the duty of server to fulfil the request of client
Advantages of Client Server Network

1. Centralized Control: In a client-server architecture, the server acts as a central hub for
controlling and managing data access, security, and backup procedures. This allows for a more
organized and secure system of data storage, management, and access.

2. Scalability: Client-server architecture allows for easy scaling of the system as it can handle a
large number of clients simultaneously, and the server can be upgraded to handle increased traffic

3. Resource Sharing: A server can offer shared resources such as printers, hard drives, and
software applications, which can be accessed by multiple clients, saving both time and cost.

4. Improved Security: A client-server architecture can provide improved security measures as the
server can be configured to regulate access and monitor network traffic. This can prevent
unauthorized access and reduce the risk of security breaches.

5. Easy Maintenance: Since data and resources are centralized in a client-server architecture,
maintenance and upgrades can be performed on the server without affecting the clients. This
simplifies system maintenance, reducing downtime and lowering costs.

6. Improved Performance: A client-server architecture can offer better performance since the
server can process and manage data more efficiently than individual clients.
Disadvantages of Client Server Network

1. Complexity: Setting up and maintaining a client-server network can be complex and time-
consuming, especially for small businesses or organizations with limited resources.

2. Cost: Implementing a client-server architecture can require significant investments in hardware,

software, and IT staff to set up and maintain the system. This can be a significant expense for small
businesses or organizations.

3. Single Point of Failure: The server is a single point of failure, meaning that if it goes down, the
entire network can be affected. This can result in downtime and lost productivity, and can be
particularly damaging if the server contains critical data

4. Bandwidth Limitations: Client-server architecture requires the network to handle all

communication between clients and the server, which can lead to bandwidth limitations and slower
network performance, especially if a large number of clients are accessing the server simultaneously.

5. Security Vulnerabilities: A client-server architecture can also be vulnerable to security threats,

as a successful attack on the server can potentially compromise the entire network. The centralized
nature of the system can also make it an attractive target for hackers.

6. Dependency on Server: A client-server architecture is heavily dependent on the server, which

means that if the server is overloaded or unable to handle the demand, the entire system can slow
down or fail.
PEER TO PEER NETWORK

• Network in which all the computers are linked together with equal privilege and responsibilities for
processing the data.
• Peer-To-Peer network has no dedicated server.
• It majorly concentrates on the connectivity part.
• In the case of a Peer-to-Peer network, every node can accomplish both request and response act as server and
client.
Advantages of Peer to Peer Network

1. Cost
The overall cost of building and maintaining a peer to peer network is relatively inexpensive. The setup cost has been greatly
reduced due to the fact that there is no central configuration. Moreover for the windows server, there is no payment required for
each of the users on the network. The payment should be done only once.

2. Reliability
Peer to Peer network is not dependent on a centralized system. Which means that the connected computers can function
independently with each other. Even if one part of the network fails, it will not disrupt other parts. Only the user will not be able
to access those files.

3. Implementation

It is generally easy to setup a peer to peer network requiring no advanced knowledge. Only a hub or a switch is needed for the
connection. And also since all the connected computers can manage themselves, there should be no much configurations.
However it needs some specialized software.
Disadvantages of Peer to Peer Networking

1. Decentralization

Peer to Peer networking lacks the feature of centralization. There is no central server, thus files are stored on individual
machines. The entire network accessibility is not in the hands of a single person. This makes it more challenging for the
users to locate and find files. If the search is done through each database, the users could waste a lot of time.

2. Security
Security for individual files are comparatively less in peer to peer networking. There is no security other than assigning
permissions. Even if the permissions are assigned, any person with the access to it will be able to log on. Some users don't
even require to log on from their respective workstation.

3. Backup Recovery
Backup is made way difficult in P2P networks, since the data is not centralized. It is saved on various systems. Therefore,
backup needs to be done separately on each computer. Or else there should be a backup system for every computer.
 BASIS FOR
CLIENT-SERVER PEER-TO-PEER
COMAPAISON
Basic There is a specific server and Clients and server are not
specific clients connected to distinguished; each node act
the server. as client and server.

Service The client request for service Each node can request for
and server respond with the services and can also provide
service. the services.

Focus Sharing the information. Connectivity.

Data The data is stored in a Each peer has its own data.
centralized server.
Server When several clients request As the services are provided
for the services by several servers distributed
simultaneously, a server can in the peer-to-peer system, a
get bottlenecked. server in not bottlenecked.

Expense The client-server are Peer-to-peer are less

expensive to implement. expensive to implement.
CLOUD COMPUTING
ARCHITECTURE
Challenges Before Cloud Computing
• On-Premise infrastructure
• Huge space for Server
• Less chance of data recovery
• Long deployment time
• Poor data security
• Lack of flexibility

How Cloud Computing over came those challenges?

• No server space required
• No experts required for hardware and software maintenance
• Better data security
• Ease of deployment
• Cost Effective
• Flexible
• Cloud computing is the delivery of on demand resources (such as server,
database, software etc.) over the internet.
• Cloud computing architecture refers to the components and subcomponents
required for cloud computing (i.e Front End and Back End)
• Gives ability to build, design and manage application on the cloud platform.
FRONT END
• Provides application or interface required to use cloud based services
like Web browser (Chrome and Internet Explorer)
• Provides GUI (Graphics User Interface) to perform respective tasks.

BACK END
• Manages all the programs that is required to run the application on the
front end
• Has large no. of data storage systems and servers
• Can be a software or platform or infrastructure
Cloud Computing has three types of service models. They are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
An IaaS cloud provider gives a variety of computing infrastructures such as storage, servers, networking
hardware. Example – Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure etc.

Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Platform as a Service or PaaS is a cloud base where the development, testing, and organizing the different
applications takes place. Implementing PaaS simplifies the process of software development. It enables
developers to build and work with applications without having to worry about the infrastructure or
management of the hosting environment.
Example – Google App Engine, Adobe Commerce etc.

Software as a Service(SaaS)
The SaaS provider manages everything from hardware installation, working to app functioning. End users are
not responsible for anything in this model; they only use programs to complete their tasks. It involves
applications being consumed and used by organizations. Usually, organizations pay for their use of the
application.
Example - Office 365, Netflix, Gmail
Structured, semi-structured and unstructured

Compliers required to run the code

software which created connection between

user/hardware and software – kind of translator

Technology that allows multiple o/s to run in single

system. It creates virtual environment