UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE SOCIETY
AND POLITICS

PREPARED BY:
MS. JANELLE L.
COURSE
DESCRIPTION:
 This course uses insights from
Anthropology, Political Science, and
Sociology to develop students’
awareness of cultural, social, political
dynamics, and sensitivity to cultural
diversity
 Provide students with an understanding
of how culture, human agency, society,
COURSE
DESCRIPTION:

 Engage students in the examination of

the current human development goals
ARRANGE
ME
1. NRTOYHPOLOGA
2. OCLIAS CSIECEN
3. LOPITIACL NEICNSE
4. CYOSTIE
5. TURLCUE
6. SOLITICP
7. COSYGOLOI
01
Introduction to
Anthropology,
Sociology and
Political Science
HOLISTIC STUDY
OF HUMANITY:
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANTHROPOLO
GY
derived from the Greek words
anthropos and logos, which intensively
studies humans and the respective
cultures where they were born and
actively belong to
ANTHROPOLO
GY
considered as the father or even the
grandfather of all social and
behavioral sciences like sociology,
economics, and psychology
 GOALS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
Understand our evolutionary origins
Understand distinctiveness as species
Understand the great diversity in our
forms of social existence across the
world and through time
 FIELDS OF
1. CULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY
- social or cultural
anthropology
-refers to the study of
living people and their
cultures including
variation and change
 FIELDS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
-deals with the description and analysis
of the forms and styles and the social
lives of past and present ages
 FIELDS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
2. BIOLOGICAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
- physical anthropology
- the study of humans as
biological organisms
including their evolution
and contemporary
 FIELDS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
- describe the distribution of hereditary
variations among contemporary
populations and measure the relative
contributions made by heredity,
environment, and culture to human
biology
 FIELDS OF
3. LINGUISTIC
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY
-study of
communication mainly
among humans
-includes the study of
the communication’s
origins, history, and
 FIELDS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
- explores how language shapes
communication
 FIELDS OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
4. ARCHEOLOGY
- refers to the study
of human cultures
through their
material remains
 The disciplines had its
humble beginnings with
HISTORICA early European explorers
and their accounts which
LBEGINNIN
produced initial
GS impressions about the
native people they
encountered in their
explorations.
 The shift to the New
World or North America
HISTORICA raised the discipline to a
higher level when some
LBEGINNIN
European migrant
GS scholars hailing from
England to Germany
brought their expertise
and knowledge.
 FAMOUS ANTHROPOLOGISTS
FRANZ
BOAS
- the “ Father of American
Anthropology”
- German-born American
anthropologist and a pioneer of
modern anthropology
 FAMOUS ANTHROPOLOGISTS
FRANZ
BOAS
-well known for his theory of
relativism, which held that all cultures
were essentially equal but simply had
to be understood in their own terms
 FAMOUS ANTHROPOLOGISTS
RUTH BENEDICT
- student of Franz Boas
- became a specialist in anthropology and
folklore and authored one of the famous
books utilized in the academic scene for
reference purposes known as “Patterns of
Culture”
 FAMOUSMARGARET
ANTHROPOLOGISTS
MEAD
- American cultural anthropologist
- was described in academic circle as
“controversial” for intensively
studying the sexual practices among
native populations
 FAMOUSMARGARET
ANTHROPOLOGISTS
MEAD
- such views gave rise to a relatively
new liberal view on sex and sexual
practices in US at a time when most
Americans were still labeled as
controversial and conservative
 ALFRED
FAMOUSKROEBER & WILLIAM
ANTHROPOLOGISTS
HENRY MORGAN
- early American anthropologists
- became prominent in the field since
their specialization include the
championing of indigenous rights like
traditional cultural
 ALFRED
FAMOUSKROEBER & WILLIAM
ANTHROPOLOGISTS
HENRY MORGAN
preservation and ancestral domain of
the American Indian tribes they
intensively studied
 FAMOUSBRONISLAW
ANTHROPOLOGISTS
MALINOWSKI
- emphasized the importance of
detailed participant observation and
argued that anthropologists must
have daily contact with their
 FAMOUS ANTHROPOLOGISTS
BRONISLAW
MALINOWSKI
informants if they are to adequately
record the “imponderabilla of
everyday life” that are so important to
understanding a different culture
 THE STUDY OF
SOCIAL WORLD:
SOCIOLOGY
“ Man by nature is a
social animal”
- Aristotle
“ No man ever steps on
the same river twice”
- Heraclitus
ACTIVITY:
1. SOCIOLOGY
2. IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY
3. FRENCH REVOLUTION
4. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
SOCIOLOGY
- came from Latin “ socious” and
Greek word “logos”
- the study of the development,
structure, and functioning of human
society
SOCIOLOGY
●is interested in describing and
explaining human behavior
especially as it occurs within a social
context
●study of society, social institutions,
and social relationships
 Social Institutions:
1. Family
- basic unit/institution of the society
2.Educational Institution
-institution where people of diff ages
gain an education
 Social Institutions:
3. Religious Institution
-it gives meaning and purpose to life,
reinforce social unity and stability, and
agent of social control
4. Economic Institution
- managing the distribution of money,
goods, and services in an economy
 Social Institutions:
5. Government Institution
- organize the society and enforce law
and order
6. Healthcare Institution
- provides facilities for medical
services or other health-related
services
IMPORTANCE
SOCIOLOGY
provides a means of understanding
how social institutions affect
communities and societies
how people interact within a society
how society helps to shape personal
identity
HISTORY OF SOCIOLOGY
Emerged with the two of the most
significant social and political
revolutions in the history
1. French Revolution
2. Industrial Revolution
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
brought largely
by the invention
of the steam
engine
 REVOLUTION
People moved from farms and villages
into bigger towns and cities and find
work in factories and cities grow
larger but they were often dirty,
crowded and unhealthy
Machines greatly increased
production, this meant products were
cheaper to make and also cheaper to
 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Factory work created many
problems for the laborers ( 14-16
hours per day/ 6 days a week)
Workers sought to win improved
conditions and wages through labor
unions which helped establish laws
to protect workers
 EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The process of industrialization
continues around the world, as do
struggles against many of its
negative effects, such as industrial
pollution and urban crowding
FRENCH REVOLUTION
influenced by new
political ideas
spreading from
France and America,
created a strong
negative sentiments
against the
monarchy
C. WRIGHT MILLS
American sociologist who believed
that knowledge was the crucial
element to social change and author
of the book
“ The Social Imagination”.
PETER BERGER
He emphasized the role of social
structures and cultural traditions in
shaping religious beliefs and
practices.
 AUGUSTE COMTE
 A philosopher who often called as the “
Father of Sociology”
 First used the term “sociology” in 1838
 Believed that all societies develop and
progress through religious, metaphysical,
and scientific stage.
 KARL MARX
 Father of Conflict Theory
 wrote “ The Communist Manifesto” with
Friedrich Engels in 1847
 there will always be conflict between the
haves and the haves not ( class conflict)
 HERBERT SPENCER
Used the phrase “ survival of the fittest”
when he proposed the policy of
noninterference in human affairs and society,
believing that doing something to help the
weak, poor and needy would interfere with
the natural selection process. In this way,
society gets better as time passes.
 EMILE DURKHEIM
 put forward to the idea that individuals
are more the products rather than the
creators of society
 In his book “ Suicide”, he proved that
social forces strongly impact on people’s
lives and that seemingly personal event
are not personal after all
 MAX WEBER
 One of his most important contributions
was his study of the rise of capitalism
 He theorized that the Roman catholic
belief system encouraged Catholics to
cling to this traditional way of life, while
Protestant belief system, especially
Calvinism, encouraged people to embrace
 DEVELOPMENT OF
SOCIOLOGY IN THE
Three Phases PHILIPPINES
of Development:
1. Sociology was looked upon as social
philosophy
2. Sociology was viewed as a problem or
welfare -oriented discipline
3. Sociology started to take the scientific
orientation
Sociology was looked upon as
social philosophy
This orientation started with the inclusion of
sociology in college and university offerings
and taught as social philosophy. It was
introduced by FR. VALENTIN MARIN when
he initiated a course of criminology at the
University of Santo Tomas.
 Sociology was viewed as a
problem or welfare -oriented
discipline
Seen in the field in which the focus is
analyzing poverty, crime, unemployment, and
other problems that plague society. This was
put forward by SERAFIN MACARAIG, the first
Filipino to inquire doctorate in sociology and
the first to write sociology textbook, “ An
Introduction to Sociology” published in 1938.
 Sociology started to take the
scientific orientation
Started with the increased number of
educational exchange program grantees,
establishment of social research centers and
councils, growing frequency of conferences,
and publication of professional journals.
 Sociology started to take the
scientific orientation
The data collected by pioneer Filipino
sociologist BENICIO CATAPUSAN on rural
Philippines became the benchmark for this for
the distribution of economic aid to the diff.
regions.
Presently, the mainstreaming of sociology is
evident as sociologists appear in mass media,
particularly in public affairs program.
PROF. RANDY DAVID arguably the most
prominent Filipino Sociologist, writes for the
Phil. Daily Inquirer in his column Public Lives
that appears every Sunday.
THE STUDY OF
POLITICS:
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
 ELECTION DAY!
Write 5 persons that you know would be
capable as senators in our country and your
reasons why should you vote for them.
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
from the Greek word “polis” and Science from
Latin word “scrie”
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
 systematic study of the state and
government
 social science regarding the practice
and theory of politics, the analysis of
political systems, and the study of
political behavior
 POLITICS
 associated with how power is gained and
employed to develop authority and influence
on social affairs
 can also be used to promulgate guiding rules
to govern the state
 THE CONCEPT OF POLITICS
 Politics is allied with the government which is
the ultimate authority
 It is the primary role of the government to rule
the society by stipulating and transmitting the
basic laws that will supervise the freedom of
its people
 POWER, ORDER, JUSTICE
 POWER- giving someone the ability to
lead and influence others
 ORDER- attained through obedience to
the rules set by the leaders
 JUSTICE- felt in the society with order