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DC Machine - 1

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22 views20 pages

DC Machine - 1

Uploaded by

Mohammed Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering

DC Machine
Part-1
By
Asaad Almoussawi
D.C. GENERATORS-CONSTRUCTION &
OPERATION
DC Generators
Principle of operation
Action of Commutator
Constructional details of DC Machine
Types of DC generators
EMF Equation
D.C. GENERATORS PRINCIPLE OF
OPERATION
DC generator converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy. when a
conductor move in a magnetic field in
such a way conductors cuts across a
magnetic flux of lines and e.m.f.
produces in a generator and it is
defined by faradays law of
electromagnetic induction e.m.f.
causes current to flow if the
conductor circuit is closed.
Faradays laws
First Law :
Whenever a conductor cuts
magnetic flux, an e.m.f. is induced in
that conductor.

Second Law :
The magnitude of the induced e.m.f.
is equal to the rate of change of flux
linkages.
Faradays Law of Electromagnetic
Induction
Fleming's Right Hand Rule
The Thumb represents the direction
of Motion of the conductor.

The First finger represents


Field.

The Second finger (Middle finger)


represents Current.
The basic requirements to be satisfied for
generation of E.M.F

1. A uniform Magnetic field.

2. A System of conductors.

3. Relative motion between the magnetic

field and conductors.


Simple loop generator with slip ring
Basic operation of the generator
As the loop rotates, the magnetic
flux through it changes with time
This induces an e.m.f and a current
in the external circuit
The ends of the loop are connected
to slip rings that rotate with the loop
Connections to the external circuit are made by
stationary brushes in contact with the slip rings
Simple loop generator with split ring

Commutator
Working Principle of D.C Generator
 Schematic diagram of a
simple DC Generator:

First half cycle(00 to


1800 )
Path of current ABaMLbCD

Second half cycle(1800 to


3600)
Path of current DCbMLaBA
Constructional Details Of DC
Machine
 Yoke
 Field winding
 Pole core
 Pole shoe
 Brushes
 Shaft
 Armature
 Coil
 Commutator
 Bearings
1- The Yoke:
 Acts as frame of the machine
 Mechanical support
 Low reluctance for magnetic flux
 High Permeability
For Small machines -- Cast iron—low cost
For Large Machines -- Cast Steel (Rolled
steel)

Small DC Machine
Large DC Machine
2- The Armature:
It is cylindrical shaped, built up of
usually circular sheet steel or
laminations
approximately 0.5 mm thick.
Houses the armature coils.
Provides a path of very
low reluctance to the flux
3. Pole cores and pole shoes:
a) Pole core (Pole body) :
 Carry the field coils
 Rectangle Cross sections
 Laminated to reduce heat losses
 Fitted to yoke through bolts

b) Pole shoe: Acts as support to field poles and


spreads out flux

Pole core & Pole shoe are laminated of annealed


steel
(Of thickness of 1mm to 0.25 mm)
4. Commutator
Hard drawn copper bars segments insulated
from each other by mica segments
(insulation)
Between armature & External circuit
Split-Rings (acts like Rectifier AC to DC )
5&6 Bearings and Brushes
 Brushes and brush gear:
Carbon, Carbon graphite, copper used to
Collects current from commutation (in case of
Generator)
 Shaft and bearings:
Shaft-- Mechanical link between prime mover
and armature
Bearings: For free rotation.

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