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Global Positioning System
(GPS) INTRODUCTION • It is a radio aid to navigation. • Uses NAVSTAR satellites orbiting around the earth at 12 625ft above ground. • Radio signals radiated from said satellites are used to determine the location/position of an aircraft in flight with extreme accuracy. • Other navigational outputs that can be obtained from this system include speed, direction, bearing to a waypoint and distance travelled. SEGMENTS
• The GPS has 3 distinct segments or parts.
• These are: 1.Space segment 2.Control segment 3.User segment SPACE SEGMENT • Comprises 24 (21 active, 3 spares) satellites in 6 different orbits. • At any one time at least 4 of these satellites must be at least 15° above the horizon, and 5-8 of them must be in view. • Each satellite radiates 2 signals with digitally modulated information about the transmitting satellite’s identity, position, time etc. • The 2 signals are used on the L1 and L2 channels, and these use carrier frequencies of 1575.42Mhz and 1227.60Mhz respectively. CONTROL SEGMENT
• Its purpose is to monitor each satellite to ensure that
that their location and time data is precise. • Comprises 5 ground-based receiving stations, a master control station, and 3 transmitter antennae. • The receivers receive data from the satellites, and forward it to the master control station. Here corrections are made to the data, then the corrected data is sent back to the satellites using the transmitters. USER SEGMENT • Comprises thousands of “receiver units” in the aircraft. • These “receiver units” consist of GPS receiver circuitry, the receiver antenna and the display/ control panel. • This segment is responsible for measuring the amount of time it takes for a signal to arrive from a transmitting satellite, to determine its distance from the aircraft. • This information is combined with the satellites’ positions to determine the aircraft’s position. GPS PROPERTIES
• The GPS’ main benefit is that it is immune to
disruptions due to weather changes . • It is relatively inexpensive, mostly because of the small infrastructure. • Its accuracy is within 20 meters horizontally and a little more vertically.
Global Positioning System (GPS) AIM: To Determine The Area Using GPS APPARATUS: GPS Reciever, Batteries THEORY: The Global Positioning System (GPS) Is A Satellite-Based Navigation and
Global Positioning System (GPS) AIM: To Determine The Area Using GPS APPARATUS: GPS Reciever, Batteries THEORY: The Global Positioning System (GPS) Is A Satellite-Based Navigation and
