Sachin Kumar

Assistant Professor
Faculty of Commerce & Business Studies
Motherhood University , Roorkee
Learning Objective of OS

•Introduction to Operating System

Types of Operating System
Function of Operating System
Introduction To Operating System
An Operating System (OS) is a collection of software that
manages computer hardware resources and provides common
services for computer programs. When you start using a
Computer System then it's the Operating System (OS) which
acts as an interface between you and the computer hardware.
 Computer System consists of the following
components:
Application Softwares are the softwares which users use directly
to perform different activities. These softwares are simple and
easy to use like Browsers, Word, Excel, different Editors, Games
etc. These are usually written in high-level languages, such as
Python, Java and C++.
System Softwares are the softwares which are more complex in
nature and they are more near to computer hardware. These
software are usually written in low-level languages like assembly
language and includes Operating
Types of Operating System
Batch operating system
The users of a batch operating system do not interact with the computer
directly. Each user prepares his job on an off-line device like punch
cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up processing,
jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The
programmers leave their programs with the operator and the operator
then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.
Time-sharing operating systems
Time-sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at
various terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time.
Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming.
Processor's time which is shared among multiple users simultaneously is
termed as time-sharing.
Distributed Operating System

Distributed systems use multiple central processors to serve multiple real-

time applications and multiple users. Data processing jobs are distributed
among the processors accordingly.
The processors communicate with one another through various
communication lines (such as high-speed buses or telephone lines). These are
referred as loosely coupled systems or distributed systems. Processors in a
distributed system may vary in size and function. These processors are
referred as sites, nodes, computers, and so on.
Network operating System
A Network Operating System runs on a server and provides the server the
capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other
networking functions. The primary purpose of the network operating
system is to allow shared file and printer access among multiple
computers in a network, typically a local area network (LAN), a private
network or to other networks.
Examples of network operating systems include Microsoft Windows
Server 2003, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X,
Novell NetWare, and BSD.
Real Time Operating System

A real-time system is defined as a data processing system in which the time

interval required to process and respond to inputs is so small that it controls
the environment. The time taken by the system to respond to an input and
display of required updated information is termed as the response time. So
in this method, the response time is very less as compared to online
processing.
Real-time systems are used when there are rigid time requirements on the
operation of a processor or the flow of data and real-time systems can be
used as a control device in a dedicated application.
Function to Operating System
Processor management:
Managing a computer’s CPU to ensure its optimum utilization is
called processor management. Managing processor basically involves
allocating processor time to the tasks that need to be completed. This is
called job scheduling.
Memory Management
Process of regulating computer memory and using optimization techniques to
enhance overall system performance is called memory management.
Memory space is very important in modern computing environment, so
memory management is an important role of operating systems.
As you know, computers have two types of memory
– primary and secondary. Primary memory is fast but expensive and
secondary memory is cheap but slower. OS has to strike a balance between
the two to ensure that system performance is not hurt due to very less primary
memory or system costs do not shoot up due to too much primary memory.
File Management

Data and information is stored on computers in form of files. Managing file

system to enable users to keep their data safely and correctly is an important
function of operating systems. Managing file systems by OS is called file
management. File management is required to provide tools for these file
related activities −
•Creating new files for storing data
•Updating
•Sharing
•Securing data through passwords and encryption
•Recovery in case of system failure
Device Management
The process of implementation, operation and maintenance of a device by
operating system is called device management. Operating system uses a
utility software called device driver as interface to the device.
Learning Outcome
Thank You