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Lecture 1

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81 views35 pages

Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Meron Berihun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LANDSCAPE

DESIGN Instructor: Gifty M

Chapter One: Introduction to


Landscape Design
Session Objective

1. To define and know what landscape is;


2. To determine landscape interpretations;
3. To understand the concept of landscape
planning and landscape design.
Discussion points

1. What is Land?

2. What is meant by Landscape?

3. How do you describe a landscape design?


INTRODUCTION
Land is one of the basic commodities of the world.
It‘s planning for use and conservation is a central,
political and social issue.

Land becomes a landscape, when seen in terms of


its physiographic and environmental
characteristics.
ntroduction
Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies
the visible features of an area of land, including:
 Living elements, such as flora or fauna;
natural elements such as landforms, terrain
shape and elevation, or bodies of water;
 Human elements such as structures,
buildings, fences or other material objects
created and/or installed by humans; and
 Abstract elements such as the weather and
lighting conditions.
INTRODUCTION
Landscape interpreted as both a natural and a
manmade system:
 Natural landscape
 Water
 Vegetation
 Landforms
 Manmade
 Anthropogenic effect
 Mostly Built-Up spaces
 Buildings and infrastructures
 Working landscape
 Agricultural land-food production 6
INTRODUCTION
Landscape components

Landscape is a component of environment


and has five main compositional elements:
1. Landform,

2. Vegetation,

3. Water,

4. Structures and

5. Climate
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Discuss on the following interpretations of
Landscape
I. Landscape as nature
II. Landscape as habitat
III. Landscape as artifact
IV. Landscape as system
V. Landscape as problem
VI. Landscape as wealth
VII. Landscape as ideology
VIII. Landscape as history
IX. Landscape as a place
X. Landscape as aesthetic
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS

Landscape as nature: This view holds nature to


be dominant and human beings to be
subordinate.

Landscape as habitat:- In this view, landscape


is home for humankind.
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Landscape as artifact:-

In this view, landscape is an entity created by

people. From this view point, nature no longer

exists. The entirety of the landscape is human-

created.
Landscape as system:-

This view has the landscape as a system


consisting of interdependent subsystems. In this
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Landscape as problem:-

In this view, landscape is seen as a situation needing

correction.

This view tends to be applied to both natural and human

made elements of the landscape. Ozone depletion, polluted

air, urban crime, abandoned housing, spoiled beaches,

contaminated estuaries, soiled streams, eroded lands, urban

blight and sprawl, congestion and dilapidated buildings are


LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Landscape as wealth:-

This view is based on the perception that people own land.

In this view, the primary value of land is its economic worth
and all other measures of the landscape are secondary to its
investment potential.

Land is a commodity whose value is determined in the


market place in units of currency. The value depends on the
accessibility, the location, the infrastructure facilities, etc.
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Landscape as ideology:-
In this view, landscape is seen as a symbol of the values,
ideals, aspirations, hopes and dreams of a culture.

The person who holds this view is concerned with the


encoding and decoding of meanings, concerning the collective
consciousness of the culture, its underlying philosophies and
its self perception. For these people landscape not only
represents the physical expression but also the hopes and
dreams of that culture.
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Landscape as history:

Landscape in this view is the complex


documentation of the history of activities of nature
and man, in a particular location.

It is seen as a cumulative record documented

chronologically.

Elements have meaning in context to the


chronology, the events leading to the creation of
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Landscape as a place:
Landscape in this view is a sensual experience.

It is largely a visual and spatial interpretation, but


incorporates all sensory inputs including sounds, smells
and tactile characteristics.

It focuses on the psychological feel, flavor and ambience


of the place, the richness it evokes and its ability to be
remembered over time.
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Landscape as aesthetic
 This view places primary emphasis on the artistic quality of
landscape features.
 The focus is on the landscape as visual scene.

 It interprets visual forms on the basis of some language of


art for example as line, form, color, texture, rhythm,
proportion, balance, symmetry, harmony, tension, unity,
variety and so on
LANDSCAPE
INTERPRETATIONS
Philosophical Concepts :-

Philosophical concepts can express the image, purpose,


or underlying essence of the project.

They are more broad, global, and contemplative in


character.

Some are without boundaries-sweeping and expansive.


For example, the idea of whether a site has an inherent
sense of place is a broad philosophical concept.
LANDSCAPE PLANNING
AND DESIGN
Landscape Planning

 is defined as an activity concerned with reconciling competing land

uses while protecting natural processes and significant cultural and

natural resources(Erv Zube , 1990).

 Examples of urban landscape planning:


 Urban park systems
 Greenways
Landscape Design

 is the art of arranging the five landscape elements to make good outdoor

space.

 The art of developing property for its greatest use and enjoyment
 The objectives of Landscape Planning are similar to those of Landscape

Design but planning projects tend to be:

 More concerned with public goods than private

goods,

 Larger in scale,

 Longer in duration,

 Implemented by many contracts, rather than one

contract
19
LANDSCAPE PLANNING
AND DESIGN
aims to conserve and create good outdoor space.
Outdoor space can be 'good' from many points of view,
which can be categorized as social, ecological and
aesthetic.

The means of creating good outdoor space is through the


arrangement and composition of these five elements:
landform, water, vegetation, paving and structures
LANDSCAPE DESIGNERS VS.
LANDSCAPE PLANNERS

Landscape designers tend to work for clients who wish to


commission construction work.
 May be specified to a project site

But, Landscape planners can look beyond the 'closely drawn


technical limits' and 'narrowly drawn territorial boundaries'
which constrain design projects
 Beyond project area

21
LANDSCAPE PLANNERS

are concerned with the 'health' of the landscape,


just as doctors are concerned with bodily health.
 A medical doctors advise both on the health of individuals and on matters of
public health.

 When individuals take actions injurious to public health, these actions are
properly regulated by law.

The collective landscape is a public good which


should be protected and enhanced by legislation
and public administration. 22
LANDSCAPE
DESIGNERS
Influence Natural Processes, Social Processes and Aesthetic

Processes.

Their aims and objectives can also be placed in these three

groups.

 Outdoor space which is 'good' from one point of view (eg

social); may be bad from another point of view (eg

aesthetic or natural process).

 A space can also be good for humans but bad for other
WHAT IS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE?

Landscape architects design most everything


outside the walls of buildings, and often locate the
buildings in the landscape, too.

Landscape architects plan both small and large


sites, sometimes of hundreds or thousands of acres.

Designing campuses, subdivisions, vacation resorts,


shopping centers, playgrounds, trails, public parks
and gardens.
WH AT LA N DSC AP E A R C H I TEC TUR E I S DO IN G?

Shaping the land to accommodate uses.

Laying out roads and designing the experience of driving


on them -curves, intersections, hills, valleys and views.

Providing travel ways for pedestrians and cyclists, skaters


and boarders –paths, trails, sidewalks…

Designing parking lots and drainage systems.

Selecting materials and detailing how to construct walls,


paving, gazeboes, patios, etc
EXAMPLE : THE ARRANGEMENT OF BUILDINGS,
ROADS, PARKING, PLANTS, WATER BODIES…
WHAT IS LANDSCAPING
IN GENERAL?

Landscaping is a profession that includes designing,


installing, and maintaining the outdoor human
environment.

There are 3 branches of the landscaping industry


 Landscape Architecture

 Landscape Contractors

 Landscape Maintenance
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTS
Licensed professionals

Conceptualize and plan the outdoor


environment or landscape for residential and
commercial clients.

Landscape designers usually do actual


drawings for residential, commercial,
institutional etc. landscapes.
LANDSCAPE
CONTRACTORS
 Carry out the installation or actual
construction of the landscape plan
 Often use subcontractors to do special work
such as pools, electrical work, stonework,
planting etc.
 Planting of different species.
LANDSCAPE
MAINTENANCE
Extended care of
existing landscapes
The care and upkeep
of the landscape
after installation
Watering using
irrigation
DESIGN-BUILD FIRMS

Landscape businesses that handle everything from the


initial contact with the client through design and
construction as well as long-term care and
maintenance.
LANDSCAPE NURSERY
WORKER
Professional who sells and installs landscape
plants and related materials.
WHY URBAN LANDSCAPE HAS CHANGED DRAMATICALLY?

33
Seminar presentation: 1
 HISTORY AND THEORY OF LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
 Western civilization
 Greece
 Rome
 Medieval Europe
 Japanese Garden
 Chinese Garden
 Landscape Garden in England
 French Baroque

Presentation date: March 11, 2024


THANK YOU

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