Field Practicum Ii: Supervision and Field

FIELD PRACTICUM II:
Supervision and Field

(CD 182)
2nd Semester, SY 2020-21
TH 8:00-11:00 am Supervision
F 1:00-4:00 pm Field
WMSU
ESA H. JUMLAIL JR., Rsw, Lpt, Msw, Cgm, DPA(car
Esa H. Jumlail Jr./ CD 182 1

MONITORING AND
EVALUATION IN THE
PRACTICE OF
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
Esa H. Jumlail Jr./ CD 182 2

Monitoring and Evaluation
Good planning, combined with effective monitoring and

evaluation, can play a major role in enhancing the effectiveness of
development programmes and projects.
Good planning helps us focus on the results that matter, while

monitoring and evaluation help us learn from past successes and
challenges and inform decision making so that current and future
initiatives are better able to improve people’s lives and expand
their choices.
Four main areas of focus in order to improve chances of success

of programmes and projects:
1. Planning and programme/project definition – Programmes

and projects have a greater chance of success when the
objectives and scope of the programmes and projects are
properly defined and clarified. This reduces he likelihood of
experiencing major challenges in implementation
2. Stakeholders involvement – High levels of engagement of

users, clients and stakeholders in programmes and projects are
critical to success.
3. Communication - Good communication results in strong

stakeholder buy-in and mobilization. It also improves clarity of
expectations, roles and responsibilities as well as information on
progress and performance.
4. Monitoring and evaluation – Programmes and projects with
strong monitoring and evaluation components tend to stay on
track. Additionally, problems are often detected earlier, which
reduces the likelihood of having major cost overruns or time
delays.
Inter-linkages and dependencies
between planning, monitoring and
valuation
Monitoring and
Evaluation
Monitoring can be defined as the ongoing process by which
stakeholders obtain regular feedback on the progress being made
towards achieving the goals and objectives.
Monitoring is not only concerned with asking “Are we taking the

actions we said we would take?” but also “Are we making
progress on achieving the results that we said we wanted to
achieve?”
Evaluation is a rigorous and independent assessment of either

completed or ongoing activities to determine the extent to which
they are achieving stated objectives and contributing to decision-
making.
What is the difference between Monitoring and Evaluation?

The key distinction between evaluation and monitoring is that

evaluations are done independently to provide managers and
staff with an objective assessment of whether or not they are on
track. Evaluations are also more rigorous in their procedures,
design and methodology, and involves more extensive analysis.
However, the aims of both monitoring and evaluation are very

similar: to provide information that can help inform decisions,
improve performances and achieve planned results.
The distinction between Monitoring
and Evaluation and other oversight
activities
Like monitoring and evaluation, inspection, audit, review and
research functions are oversight activities, but they have a
distinct focus and role and should not be confused with
monitoring and evaluation.
Inspection is a general examination of an organizational unit,

issue or practice to ascertain the extent it adheres to normative
standards, good practices or other criteria and to make
recommendations for improvement or corrective action. It is
often performed when there is a perceived risk of non-
compliance.
The distinction between Monitoring
and Evaluation and other oversight
activities
Audit is an assessment of the adequacy of management controls

to ensure the economical and efficient use of resources; the
safeguarding of assets; the reliability of financial and other
information; the compliance with regulations, rules and
established policies; the effectiveness of risk management; and
the adequacy of organizational structures, systems and processes.
The distinction between Monitoring and
Evaluation and other oversight activities
Reviews, such as rapid assessments and peer reviews, are distinct

from evaluation and more closely associated with monitoring.
They are periodic or ad hoc, often light assessments of the
performance of an initiative and do not apply the due process of
evaluation or rigor in methodology.
Research is a systematic examination completed to develop or

contribute to knowledge of a particular topic. Research can often
feed information into evaluations and other assessments but
does not normally inform decision-making on its own.
While monitoring provides real-time information required by
management, evaluation provides more in-depth assessment.
The monitoring process can generate questions to be answered

by evaluation.
Evaluation draws heavily on data generated through monitoring

during the programme and project cycle, including, for example,
baseline data, information on the programme or project
implementation process and measurements of results.
Planning, monitoring and evaluation should not necessarily be

approached in a sequential manner.
The conduct of an evaluation does not always take place at the

end of the cycle. Evaluations can take place at any point in time
during the programming cycle.
The figure aims to illustrate the inert-connected nature of

planning, monitoring and evaluation.
Scope of Monitoring
Monitoring aims to identify progress towards

results, precipitate decisions that would
increase the likelihood of achieving results,
enhance accountability and learning.
All monitoring efforts should, at minimum, address the following:
 Progress towards outcome

 Factors contributing to or impeding achievement of the
outcomes
 Individual partner contributions to the outcomes through
outputs
 Partnership strategy
 Lessons being learned and creation of knowledge products for
wider sharing
Selecting the monitoring approach and tools
There is a range of approaches and tools for monitoring. It should at
least ensure that it contains an appropriate balance between the ff:
Data and analysis – entails obtaining and analyzing documentation

from projects that provides information on progress
Validation – entails checking or verifying whether or not the

reported progress is accurate
Participation – entails obtaining feedback from partners and

beneficiaries on progress and proposed actions.
Why evaluate? Uses of Evaluation
When evaluations are used effectively, they support programme

improvements, knowledge generation and accountability.
1. Supporting programme improvements – Did it work or not, and why?
How could it be done differently for better results? The interest is on
what works, why and in what context?
2. Building knowledge for generalizability and wider application – What

can we learn from the evaluation? How can we apply this knowledge to
other context? The main interest is in the development of knowledge for
generalization and application to other contexts and situations.
3. Supporting accountability – Are we doing the right
things? Are we doing things right? Did we do what we
said we would do? The interest here is on determining the
merit or worth and value of an initiative and its quality.
Norms for evaluation
 Independent
 Intentional
 Transparent
 Ethical
 Impartial
 Of high quality
 Timely
 Used
Categorizing evaluations by timing
 Ex-ante evaluation is a forward looking assessment of the

likely future effects of new initiatives and support such as
policies, programmes and strategies. It takes places prior to
the implementation of an initiative.
 Mid-term evaluation generally has a formative nature as it is

undertaken around the middles period of implementation of
the initiative. Formative evaluation interns to improve
performance, most often conducted during the
implementation phase of projects and programmes.
 Final or terminal evaluation normally serves the purpose of a
summative evaluation since they are undertaken towards the
end of the implementation phase of projects or programmes.
Summative evaluation is conducted at the end of an initiative
(or a phase of that initiative) to determine the extend to which
anticipated outcomes were produced. It is intended to provide
information about the worth of the programme.
 Ex-post evaluation is a type of summative evaluation of an
initiative after it has been completed; usually conducted two
years of more after completion. Its purpose is to study how
well the initiative (programme or project) served its aims, to
assess sustainability of results an impacts to draw conclusions
for similar initiatives in the future.
QUESTIONS &
DISCUSSION

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FIELD PRACTICUM II:

Supervision and Field

Esa H. Jumlail Jr./ CD 182 1

Esa H. Jumlail Jr./ CD 182 2

Good planning, combined with effective monitoring and

Good planning helps us focus on the results that matter, while

Four main areas of focus in order to improve chances of success

1. Planning and programme/project definition – Programmes

2. Stakeholders involvement – High levels of engagement of

3. Communication - Good communication results in strong

Monitoring is not only concerned with asking “Are we taking the

Evaluation is a rigorous and independent assessment of either

What is the difference between Monitoring and Evaluation?

The key distinction between evaluation and monitoring is that

However, the aims of both monitoring and evaluation are very

Inspection is a general examination of an organizational unit,

Audit is an assessment of the adequacy of management controls

Reviews, such as rapid assessments and peer reviews, are distinct

Research is a systematic examination completed to develop or

The monitoring process can generate questions to be answered

Evaluation draws heavily on data generated through monitoring

Planning, monitoring and evaluation should not necessarily be

The conduct of an evaluation does not always take place at the

The figure aims to illustrate the inert-connected nature of

Monitoring aims to identify progress towards

 Progress towards outcome

Data and analysis – entails obtaining and analyzing documentation

Validation – entails checking or verifying whether or not the

Participation – entails obtaining feedback from partners and

When evaluations are used effectively, they support programme

2. Building knowledge for generalizability and wider application – What

 Ex-ante evaluation is a forward looking assessment of the

 Mid-term evaluation generally has a formative nature as it is

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