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Lecture 4 Topic Punctuation Principles

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16 views

Lecture 4 Topic Punctuation Principles

Uploaded by

ahsanrahimshar119
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Punctuation Principles

Sir,
Muhammad Zaman Hashmi
Table of Contents
1. Punctuation

2. Using of Punctuation Marks


Punctuation
• Punctuation is the name of the marks used in writing.
• They are very essential signs to understand a sentence in correct way.
• They represent the expression and feeling in a sentence.
• Punctuation is the set of marks used to regulate texts and clarify their meanings,
mainly by separating or linking words, phrases, and clauses.
• The word comes from the Latin word “punctuare” meaning "making a point.“
• The use (and misuse) of punctuation affects meaning—
sometimes dramatically—, as seen in this “Ahmad" letter, where
the change in punctuation from one to the next drastically alters
the meaning.
• The most common punctuation marks in English are: capital letters and full
stops, question marks, commas, colons and semi-colons, exclamation marks
and quotation marks.

• In speaking, we use pauses and the pitch of the voice to make what we say
clear. Punctuation plays a similar role in writing, making it easier to read.

• When speaking, we can pause or change the tone of our voices to indicate
emphasis.

• When writing, we use punctuation to indicate these places of emphases.


• This handout should help to clarify when and how to use various marks of
punctuation.
Using of Punctuation Marks
Capital letters (ABC...)
1. Starts a sentence
Capital letter is used in the beginning of sentence.
Examples
The dog is hungry. Time waits no one. His favorite book is English
literature.
2. Proper Nouns
A capital letter is used with proper noun.
Examples
Ali and Kiran Take class. Jamila is a great teacher. Usman and
Taher use computer.
3. Pronoun “I”
The pronoun "i" is always written in capital.
Example
My parents say I am ill. I think it's a great way to gather
information.
4. Name of day
The first letter of name of days always in capital.
Examples
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.
5. Name of months
The beginning letter of the month always in capital.
Examples
January, February, March, April, May, June ….
Full stop ( .)
• A full stop marks used in the end of a declarative sentence or a
statement that is considered to be complete.
Example
• This is an elephant. Kiran is a teacher.
• Pakistan is my country.
Name’s title
After title of name we used full stop.
Example
Mr. Ali
Dr. Ahmad
Mrs. Ali
Question mark ( ? )
1. Any sentence that starts with helping verbs then we used question marks in the
end of sentence. Such as do, does, is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, will, Shall
…
Example
Is this your assignment? Do you eat food? Have they gone to school?

2. Any sentence that starts with “W-H Family” then we used question marks in the
end of sentence. Like, what, why, when, where, who..
Example
What is your name? Where are you going? Why do you learn English?
Exclamation mark or sign (!)
Exclamation mark or sign (!)
We often use an exclamation mark (!) to show strong emotion
or give a command.
Examples:

Stop! Yeah! Sit down!

Exclamation points may be used to convey extreme emotion


at the end of a question.

Example

What is wrong with you! Stop writing on the walls!


Quotation Marks/Speech Marks (” “)
We use quotation marks (” “) for direct quotations in English.

Example

"How are you?” she asked me. He say, “I am good.”

Use quotation marks to indicate the novel, ironic, or reserved use


of a word.

Example

History is stained with blood spilled in the name of "justice."


Comma (,)
Add a comma when two separate sentences are combined
Example
• We purchased some cheese, and we purchased some fruit.
Use commas between words in a series. Notice that a comma
does not follow the last word in the series
Example
He was tall, dark, and handsome.
Use the comma to set off the words “yes” and “no”.
Example
No, thank you. Yes, I am eating.
Use a comma to separate parts of the date.
Example:
October 25, 1999
Tuesday, May 2, 2016
Use a comma in a number
Example
15,000
Use a comma to separate a city name from the state
Example
Karachi, Pakistan
Use a comma to join two independent clauses and a coordinating
conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, so).
Example
• Road construction can be inconvenient, but it is necessary.
• After the wedding, the guests attended the reception.
Use a comma after a transitional element (however,
therefore, nonetheless, also, otherwise, finally, instead, thus, of
course, above all, for example, in other words, as a result, on the
other hand, in conclusion, in addition
Example
however, it will takes time.
After reporting speech
Example
He says, she said, “ I take class.”
Hyphen (-)
• The symbol (-) is called a hyphen in the English language.
• A hyphen is a short horizontal line used within words.
Compound words

The hyphen can be used in compound words

Examples

Well-known writer. Good-looking person He is an obedient


and well-behaved child.
Time Colon (: )
A colon is used to separate hours and minutes.
Example
The time is 2:15
Introduces lists (including examples)
Example
I’m going in a camping trip so I will need: sleeping bags, a tent, a fan.

Semicolon (;)
A semicolon (;) is used to separate two independent clauses while still demonstrating
that a close relationship exists between them.

Examples
My daughter is a teacher; my son is a doctor.
Apostrophe (‘)
Denotes the ownership of something
Example
This is Ali’s pen. These are peter's books.
It indicates where a letter has been omitted to form a contraction. Or
Apostrophe of contraction.
Example
I am = I’m cannot = can’t they are = they’re I have = I’ve
Parentheses ( )
Parenthesis, ( () ) are quotation marks that show additional thoughts about a
statement
We also often use parentheses to set off less important details.
Example:
The two brothers (Richard and Sean) were learning how to play guitar.
Ellipsis (…)
An ellipsis is usually represented by three dots (…), we often
use ellipsis to show that parts of sentences are left out.
Example:
To be continued
… You’ll never believe what I saw…

Brackets ( )
Brackets set apart a word or phrase added to a sentence to give
some additional information.
Example
The necklace (which had been in my family for years) was stolen.
Slash (/)
Use slashes to separate parts of internet (web) addresses and
file names for some computer programs.
Example:
http://www.example.com/
Use slashes for fractions
Example: 1/3 = one-third
Dash
The dash is used to separate words into statements.
Examples:
1880 –1945
Princeton–New York trains
Thank You
I Really
Appreciate Your
Patience

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