Quarter 1- Module 1-3:

Nature of Inquiry and Research: A focus on QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research)

Ormoc City Senior Prepared by

Practical Research 2
High School JESSIE M. CABER
Research is a systematic process of
collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting information in order
to increase our understanding of
a phenomenon about which we
are interested or concerned (Leedy
& Ormrod, 2013).

Defining
Research
works with a system unbiased; all angles
or method presented

Research is a systematic and

objective creation of knowledge.
(Creswell, a2013)
creative
process
Present the
answer Collect data to
answer to the
question

Pose a question
Defining
Research
WHAT RESEARCH is NOT
Mere gathering of facts and information
Moving facts from one situation to another
Done far from practical life
Sugar-coat a product
Defining
Research
1 Add to existing knowledge.

2 Improve practice.

3 Inform policies

4 Solve problems, not

emergencies.
Why DO
RESEARCH
?
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
Describes characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research

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Show  if you believe the statement is TRUE,  if otherwise

A quantitative research
can be conducted with as
few as 1-2 respondents.

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The data is usually Uses interviews,
gathered using structured observations, or
research instruments. documentary
The results are based on analysis.
larger sample sizes that Requires less
are representative of the sample.
population.
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Show  if you believe the statement is TRUE,  if otherwise

A research question is
needed before the
conduct of a quantitative
research.
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Researcher has a clearly Research question
defined research question is flexible.
to which objective answers
are sought.
All aspects of the study are
carefully designed before
dataOrmoc
is collected.
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Show  if you believe the statement is TRUE,  if otherwise

Quantitative data are

analyzed thematically.

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Show  if you believe the statement is TRUE,  if otherwise

Results of quantitative
research can be used to
make generalizations
about the population.
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The research study can usually Non-generalizable
be replicated or repeated, given
its high reliability.
Project can be used to
generalize concepts more
widely, predict future results, or
investigate causal relationships.
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Show  if you believe the statement is TRUE,  if otherwise

Structured survey
questionnaires are
instruments used in
quantitative research.
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Show  if you believe the statement is TRUE,  if otherwise

Samples in quantitative
research are usually
chosen purposively.

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Data are in the form of numbers Data are presented
and statistics, often arranged in as stories or
tables, charts, figures, or other
anecdotes
non-textual forms.
Researcher uses tools such as
questionnaires or computer
software, to collect numerical
data.
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Quantitative methods emphasize objective
measurements and the statistical,
mathematical, or numerical analysis of
data collected through polls,
questionnaires, and surveys, or by
manipulating pre-existing statistical data
using computational techniques.
Quantitative research focuses on gathering
numerical data and generalizing it across
groups of people or to explain a particular
Ormoc City Senior
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Practical Research 2

phenomenon. 18
 BUT I HATE NUMBERS!!!!

Can we just stick to QUALITATIVE?

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Quantitative research usually chooses
respondents using probability sampling
procedures, hence, samples are true
generalizabl
representatives of the population. As such,
e
results are _____(1)_______. This means that
easy
results truly describe the whole population.
precise
Furthermore, the use of numbers makes it
relatively _____(2)_______ to analyze data. Lastly,
numbers are
Ormoc City Senior
very _____(3)_______ that is why
Practical Research 2
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results tend to accurately describe what is 20
In comparison to qualitative research.

1 single reality vs. multiple realities

2 establishing relationships and
explaining cause of correlation vs.
understanding situations in a
participant’s perspective
3
pre-established design vs. emerging
design
4
detached researcher vs. immersed Quantitati
researcher
5 ve
to generalize
Ormoc City Senior vs. toFraenkel
assess & Wallen, 2009
Research
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applicability
The study reveals that 92% of students in Alangalang
National High School belongs to poor families.

• What does the finding tell you?

• Does the finding tell you how students feel about being
poor and how they deal with everyday life as poor
students?
• What do you think is/are the limitation/s of the finding?
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Quantitive Research
Its STRENGTHS and b e r s
f n u m r r o r
s i o n o n d e
WEAKNESSES  Pre c i
i fi c a n c e a
r m i n e d –
e s o f f s i g n de t e
k n e s s Le v e l o
c a n b e t o
W e a r  t ic a l ) o t d u e
s s i n g e a recrh s f o ( s t a t is a r e n
Ad d re e R e
u s m b e s u l t s
t a tyi vo f n t h i toa ft i v h a t re e
u a t
nqua i c d d e
u ap n t t
e a l o n
o
Qa de e a
i n
n g q s is h a n c n e t
 In p i
rc t
i u
n rd o a n
u ra el y
s c
l e s s p r o
 l
totRaig o ro c e d p le i s
r c h p c y ein  S a m b i a s
r e s e a u
clit raa t i v p l in g d a t a
% q a uc a e n ot f s a m ire d in
n 1
o 0
n 0 o f t r uo mt e s r e q u
s t h
d ad i t i g , ign sq u d s t i m e
 Le s A p slinu s i n o n f r ao n
m  L e s
s a m
y s i c t
n i s i s in g s
anal cson ( ps et r
rus o
t r lalet i
co t n
e d ) a n a l y s
it y o f fi n d
je c t i n
e isc o z a b il
sub d a at d
a m a r
a l c a l G e n e r a li
om tisttisti c i 
wh o rts s
itnast a
ds
s p
upt pio n e t h o
tsou
Ormoc City Senior
s m m
 A u lt s Practical Research 2
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 So, Which is better?
QUALITATIVE or QUANTITATIVE?
• Which instances shall QUALITATIVE RESEARCH apply? How about
QUANTITATIVE.
• Depression Level of Senior High School
Students
• Plight of Students with Depression
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HOW TO TELL IF THE RESEARCH IS QUANTITATIVE
OR QUALITATIVE?

• If the answer to the question is a

NUMBER or will require statistical
analysis, then it is quantitative

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 WHAT KIND OF NUMBERS ARE WE TALKING ABOUT?

It would depend on what you want to know.

But research should not be exclusive
QUALITATIVE nor QUANTITATIVE, thus to
complement weakness of the other
researchers now employ MIXED METHOD
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 IN ¼ SHEET OF PAPER

Write 3 Research Questions

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 MUST BE CLEAR
RESEARCH
QUESTION - provides enough specifics
CHARACTERISTIthat one’s audience can easily
CS
understand its purpose
without needing additional
explanation.

29 Practical Research 1 October 26, 2024

 MUST BE FOCUSED
RESEARCH
QUESTION - narrow enough that it can be
CHARACTERISTIanswered thoroughly in the
CS
space the writing task allows

30 Practical Research 1 October 26, 2024

 MUST BE CONCISE
RESEARCH
QUESTION - expressed in the fewest
CHARACTERISTIpossible words
CS

31 Practical Research 1 October 26, 2024

 MUST BE COMPLEX
RESEARCH
QUESTION - not answerable with a simple
CHARACTERISTI‘yes’ or ‘no’, but rather
CS
requires synthesis and analysis
of ideas and sources prior to
composition of an answer.

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 MUST BE ARGUABLE
RESEARCH
QUESTION - potential answers are open to
CHARACTERISTIdebate rather than accepted
CS
facts

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 MUST BE FEASIBLE
RESEARCH
QUESTION - Something that can be done
CHARACTERISTIto answer or provide the
CS
answer to the question

34 Practical Research 1 October 26, 2024

 MUST BE SIGNIFICANT
RESEARCH
QUESTION - Serves a purpose of creation
CHARACTERISTIof useful knowledge
CS

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 MUST BE ETHICAL
RESEARCH
QUESTION - Must not resort to unethical
CHARACTERISTImethods
CS

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 GOOD RESEARCH QUESTION
RESEARCH
QUESTION ANSWERS----
WHAT:
WHEN:
WHO:
WHERE:

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RESEARCH QUESTION - CHARACTERISTICS

CHARACTERISTI  REMARKS
CS
CLEAR
FOCUSED
CONCISE
COMPLEX
ARGUABLE
FEASIBLE
SIGNIFICANT
38 ETHICAL
Practical Research 1 October 26, 2024
 LESSON OBJECTIVES
Describes characteristics, strengths,
weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative
research
- IDENTIFY DIFFERENT KINDS OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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 SOME PROPOSED TITLE / RQ

• How many students in Ormoc City Senior

High School?
• Why cellphone is important to the current
generation?
• The percentage of OCSHS students that take
public transportation.

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 SOME PROPOSED TITLE / RQ

• Social Status of OCSHS students and their

academic performance.
• Effects of sleep deprivation to academic
performance of OCSHS students
• How many siblings do you have?

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Quantitative Research
Designs

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 Some Example Researches

1. Getting the average time spent by SHS students on Facebook calls

for a descriptive design.
2. Correlating two variables is determining whether there’s
relationship between two groups.
3. Investigating the difference in mathematical ability between
HUMSS and STEM students is a kind of causal-comparative research.
4. Manipulating a variable to determine if it causes variation on
another variable is an experimental design.
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 Some Example Researches

5. Descriptive research aims to describe a certain variable.

6. A negative correlation means x increases as y decreases.
7. In an experimental design, one variable is manipulated to
determine if it has effect on another variable.
8. Causal-comparative / Quasi-experimental research establishes
cause-effect relationship by comparing known groups.

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What information does the research intend to extract?
• Study revealed that 77% of students who have smartphones do
not have access to the internet at homes.
• Research found out that depression increases with Facebook
use.
• Females students have higher scores in English Proficiency Test
than Males.
• Students who use Print Books have higher scores in General
Mathematics compared to those who use E-books in studying the said
subject.
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Quantitative Research
Designs

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 Table 1. Examples of Descriptive, Correlational, Causal-Comparative, and Experimental Research
Descriptive Research Correlational Research Causal-Comparative Experimental Research
Research
A description of how second- The relationship between The effect of a new treatment
grade students spend their intelligence and self- The effect of preschool plan on breast cancer
time during summer vacation esteem attendance on social
maturity at the end of the The effect of positive
A description of the tobacco use The relationship between first grade reinforcement on attitude
habits of teenagers diet and anxiety toward school
The effect of taking
A description of how parents The relationship between multivitamins on The effect of teaching with a
feel about the twelvemonth an aptitude test and a students’ school cooperative group strategy or
school year success in an algebra absenteeism a traditional lecture approach
course on students’ achievement
A description of the attitudes of The effect of gender on
scientists regarding global The relationship between algebra achievement The effect of a systematic
warming ACT
preparation and support
scores and the freshman The effect of part-time
system on children who were
A description of the kinds of grades employment on the
scheduled for surgery on the
physical activities that typically achievement of high school
amount of
occur in nursing homes, and The relationships between students psychological upset and
how frequently each occurs the types of activities
cooperation
used in math classrooms The effect of magnet school
A description of the extent to and student achievement participation on student
A comparison of the effect of
which attitude
personalized instruction vs.
Elementary teachers use math The covariance of smoking
Ormoc City Senior and lung disease
Manipulatives The effect of age on lung
traditional instruction on
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capacity
 Identify the TYPE of QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
1.Establishes cause-effect by comparing known
groups to determine if such grouping could
explain differences.
2.Investigates the association between variables.
3.Describes variables of interest such as age,
gender, socio-economic status, and attitudes of
respondents.
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 Identify the TYPE of QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
4.A variable is manipulated to see its effect on
another variable.
5.Researcher finds out that self confidence
increases with person’s height.
6.Results show that there are more Female than
Male students in public high schools.

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 Identify the TYPE of QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
7.A class that listens to classical music during an
exam scores higher than those who do not.
8.Students from private and public schools have
the same levels of English Proficiency.

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 Thank you!
Any questions?

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