Community Health Nursing

Community Health
Nursing 1: Individual
& Family as Clients
COURSE CODE: COMHEN120
Professor: Klyne Ken T. Cabag, RN
Global & National Health
Situations
Philippine Health Situations:
• The Philippines has made significant investments and advances in health in recent years.
• Rapid economic growth and strong country capacity have contributed to Filipinos living longer and
• healthier.
• However, not all the benefits of this growth have reached the most vulnerable groups, and the health
• system remains fragmented.
• Health insurance now covers 92% of the population.
• Maternal and child health services have improved, with more children living beyond infancy, a higher
• number of women delivering at health facilities and more births being attended by professional service
providers than ever before
• Access to and provision of preventive, diagnostic and treatment services
for communicable diseases have improved, while there are several
initiatives to reduce illness and death due to non-communicable diseases
(NCDs).
• Despite substantial progress in improving the lives and health of people in
the Philippines, achievements have not been uniform and challenges
remain.
• Deep inequities persist between regions, rich and the poor, and different
population groups.
• Many Filipinos continue to die or suffer from illnesses that have well-
proven, cost-effective interventions, such tuberculosis, HIV and dengue,
or diseases affecting mothers and children.
• Many people lack sufficient knowledge to make informed
decisions about their own health.
• Rapid economic development, urbanization, escalating
climate change, and widening exposure to diseases and
pathogens in an increasingly global world increase the risks
associated with disasters, environmental threats, and
emerging and re-emerging infections.
Global Health Situations
• The World Health Organization (WHO) has
released its World Health Statistics
2024 report, which provides insights into
global health. Here are some key points from
the report:
1.Health-Related Indicators: The 2024 edition reviews more than 50
health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. These
indicators cover various aspects of health and well-being.
2.Impact of COVID-19: The report highlights the findings from
the Global Health Estimates 2021, particularly the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
The pandemic has had significant effects on global health
outcomes.
3.Climate Change and Health: According to the WHO, more than a
third of the global population lives in areas highly susceptible to
climate change. The health burden related to climate change is
expected to grow, leading to increased deaths from heat stress,
climate-linked diseases (such as malaria), and malnutrition due to
crop failures between 2030 and 2050
Philippine Health Policies
System
• The Philippine Department of Health (DOH) has
developed an 8-Point Action Agenda for health sector
reforms. The agenda aims to guarantee that every
Filipino experiences health and well-being. Key points
of the agenda include placing Filipinos at the heart of
healthcare reforms, promoting community health, and
strengthening healthcare institutions and health care
worker welfare
System
• The Philippine Health Agenda is a comprehensive plan
that aims to improve health and well-being for every Filipino.
It focuses on placing Filipinos at the heart of healthcare
reforms, promoting community health, and strengthening
healthcare institutions and health care worker welfare. The
agenda aspires for better health outcomes, financial risk
protection, and a responsive health system. The Department
of Health also runs the "Healthy Pilipinas" campaign to
promote preventive measures and healthy lifestyles
System
• Overview
• The Administrative Order (AO) No. 2023-0015, titled “Adoption of the 8-Point Action
Agenda as the Medium-Term Strategy of the Health Sector for 2023-2028.”
• The 8-Point Action Agenda, aligned with the Philippine Development Plan 2023-
2028, aims to guarantee that every Filipino experiences health and well-being. This
comprehensive plan focuses on placing Filipinos at the heart of healthcare reforms,
promoting community health, and strengthening healthcare institutions and health
care worker welfare.
• With a foundation in humanistic leadership and good governance, the agenda
emphasizes a service-driven and people-oriented thrust, clarity in roles, and
collaboration among stakeholders to ensure holistic health and well-being for all
Filipinos.
System
• Certainly! The 8-Point Action
Agenda by the Department of Health
(DOH) aims to ensure that every Filipino
experiences health and well-being. Here
are the key points of the agenda:
System
1.Bawat Pilipino ramdam ang kalusugan: Every Filipino should feel healthy.
2.Ligtas, kalidad, at mapagkalingang serbisyo: Safe, quality, and compassionate
service.
3.Teknolohiya para sa mabilis na serbisyo: Technology for prompt services.
4.Handa sa krisis: Crisis-ready.
5.Pag-iwas sa sakit: Disease prevention.
6.Ginhawa sa isip at damdamin: Mental and emotional comfort.
7.Kapakanan at karapatan ng health workers: Welfare and rights of health workers.
8.Proteksyon sa anumang pandemya: Protection against any pandemic .
What is Nursing?
• assisting sick individuals to
become healthy and healthy
individuals achieve optimum
wellness.
Nurses in Public Healthcare
• Community/public health nursing is the synthesis of nursing practice and
public health practice.
• The major goal of community health nursing is to preserve the health of the
community and surrounding populations by focusing on health promotion
and health maintenance of individuals, families, and groups within the
community.
• The mission of public health is SOCIAL JUSTICE, which entitles all people to
basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and
accepts collective burdens to make this possible
Concepts of Health
• Common concepts in various definitions
include:
• – Goal-directed/ purposeful actions,
processes, responses or behaviors.
• – Soundness, wholeness, and/ or well-being
Concepts of Community
• Before 1996: definitions of community focused on geographical
boundaries, combined with social attributes of people.
• Later part of the decade: geographical location became a
secondary characteristic
• Group of people with common characteristics or interests living
together within a territory or geographical boundary
• A place where people under usual conditions are found
• Comunicas: Latin word which means a group of people
What is a COMMUNITY?
- a group of people with common
characteristics or interests living
together within a territory or
geographical boundary
- place where people under usual
conditions are found
Defining Attributes of Communities
• 1. People
• 2. Place
• 3. Interaction
• 4. Common characteristics, interests, or goals
Type of Communities
• 1. Geopolitical/Territorial
community
• 2. Phenomenological/Functional
community
Determinants of Health & Disease
• DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

• Health- WHO defines health as “a state
of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
• Illness- Highly personal state in which

the person’s physical, emotional,
intellectual, social, developmental or
spiritual functioning is thought to be
diminished.
•Diseases- alteration in body

functions resulting in
reduction of capacities or a
shortening of normal life span
Determinants of Health
•● The range of personal, social,
economic and environmental
factors that influence health
status. ● Factors that make a person
healthy or not
• Political factors
• ❖refers to one’s leadership, how he rules,
manages and how other people
concerned are followed to actively
participate in the decision making process
• Economic factors
• ❖Production, distribution and
consumption of goods and services
and how these affect health and
development
• Socio-cultural factors
• ❖Influence a client’s health
practices, dynamics of health care
and the client-care provider
relationship.
• Biological/ Genetics
• ❖Permanent and cannot be altered.
• ❖Based on the genes of the parents.
• ● Ex:
• ✓Hypertension
• ✓Diabetes Mellitus
• ✓Cancer
• EDUCATION
• ❖Low education levels are linked with poor
• health, more stress and lower self-confidence.
• ●Example: Women who are educated are more
• likely to seek medical consultation during
• pregnancy. ( nutrition for the family, immunization)
• Physical Environment
• For an individual to be healthy, there should be:
• ● Safe water
• ● Clean Air
• ● Healthy workplaces
• ● Safe houses, communities and roads
• Deviation in health may follow if:
• ● Hazardous waste/ Toxic chemicals
• ● Noise
• ●Residential Crowding (Ex: Tuberculosis, diarrhea-
• causing virus & bacteria, fungal and skin diseases)
• Employment and working conditions
• ❖People in employment are healthier particularly
• those who have more control over their working
• conditions.
• Example: Hot tempered or impatient supervisor
• may affect his/ her subordinates.
• ✓Learn to see the good side. Think positive
• Social Support Networks
• ● Greater support from families, friends and
• communities are linked to better health.
• ● Those who have weak support system are more
• prone to mental illness, substance abuse and
depression.
• Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
• To be healthy, a person must:
• ● Balanced eating
• ● Active lifestyle
• ● Do not smoke and drink
• ● Successfully deal with life stresses and challenges
• Health Services
• ❖Access and use of services that prevent and
• treat disease influence health.
• Ex: Presence of Barangay Health Station per
• barangay.
• Gender
• ❖Men and women suffer from different types of
• diseases at different ages.
• ❖Life expectancy:
• Male- 67, female-72
• ●Ex: More men suffer from CVD than women
Public Health
• Public Health is the science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized
community effort for the: 1. sanitation of the environment, 2.
control of communicable diseases, 3.education of individuals in
personal hygiene, 4. the organization of medical and nursing
services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of
disease, 5. the development of the social machinery to insure
everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of
health, so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to
realize his birthright of health and longevity.
Public Health
• World Health Organization (WHO), is "a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity”
• American Public Health Association, "the practice of
promoting and protecting the health of populations using
knowledge from nursing, social, and public health
sciences.”
Goal of Public Health
GOAL: To enable every citizen to
realize his birthright of health
and longevity.
Achieved through community effort
Community Health
• Community Health: part of
paramedical and medical
intervention/approach concerned
on the health of the whole
population.
Community Health
• Community Health is a term used to describe the state of
health and how easy or difficult it is to be healthy where
people live, learn, work and play. The health of a community,
including ease of access to medical care and community
resources available for exercise and encouraging healthy
habits, is an important part of emergency planning that can
have a positive impact on a community before, during, and
after a public health emergency
Community Health
• a field of public health, is a
discipline that concerns itself with
the study and betterment of the
health characteristics of biological
communities.
Community Health
• WHO defines community health as: environmental,
social, and economic resources to
• sustain emotional and physical well being among
people in ways that advance their aspirations and
• satisfy their needs in their unique environment.
Community Health
• Aims:
• 1. Health promotion
• 2. Disease prevention
• 3. Management of factors affecting
health
Community Health
• Health Promotion: enhance
resources directed at improving
well-being
• Disease Prevention: protect people from
disease and the effects of disease
Level of Prevention
• 1. Primary: general health promotion and specific
protection
• 2. Secondary: early detection and prompt
intervention
• 3. Tertiary: reduce the effects of disease and injury,
and restore individuals to their optimal level of
functioning
Level of Prevention
• 1. Primary Prevention- relates to activities directed
at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
individuals.
• Examples: Quit smoking, avoid/ limit alcohol intake,
• exercise regularly, complete immunization
Level of Prevention
• 2. Secondary Prevention- refers to early
detection and prompt intervention during
the period of early disease pathogenesis.
• Examples: annual PE, regular Pap’s test
for women, sputum examination for TB
Level of Prevention
• 3. Tertiary Prevention- targets populations that
have experienced disease or injury and focuses
on limitation of disability and rehabilitation.
• Example: self- monitoring of blood glucose among
• diabetics, physical therapy after CVA (stroke),
• undergoing speech therapy after laryngectomy
Difference between PHN (Public Health
Nursing) & CHN (Community Health Nursing)
• CHN – A branch of nursing practice,

involves the care of individuals, family,
community, and larger community.
• PHN - A branch of CHN, specific practice
of CHN, concerned with the health of the
general public.
Community Health Nursing
• Community Health Nursing: utilization of the nursing process in the different levels of
clientele-individuals, families, population groups and communities, concerned with
the promotion of health, prevention of disease and disability and rehabilitation
• Goal: “To raise the level of citizenry by helping communities and families to cope with
the discontinuities in and threats to health in such a way as to maximize their
potential for high-level wellness” (Nisce, et al, 2009)
• Special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and some
phases of social assistance and functions as part of the total public health program
for the promotion of health, the improvement of the conditions in the social and
physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability
• Learned practice discipline with the goal of contributing as
individuals and in collaboration with others to the promotion
of the client’s optimum level of functioning thru’ teaching
and delivery of care
• Service rendered by a professional nurse to population
groups in health centers, clinics, schools, workplace for the
promotion of health, prevention of illness, care of the sick at
home and rehabilitation
• DEFINITION: Synthesis of nursing practice and public health
practice applied to promoting and preserving health of the
populations.
• broader and more general specialty area that encompasses
subspecialties that include public health nursing, school
nursing, occupational health nursing, and other developing
fields of practice, such as home health, hospice care, and
independent nurse practice
• Definition of Community Health Nursing according to ANA
(American Nurses Association)
• OBJECTIVES:
• ✓To participate in the development of an over all health plan for the
community.
• ✓To provide quality nursing services to individuals, families &
communities.
• ✓To coordinate nursing services with various members of health team.
• ✓To participate in and/or conduct researches relevant to community health
and community health nursing services and disseminate their results for
improvement of health
Philosophy of CHN (Community
Health Nursing)
•“The philosophy of CHN is
based on the worth and
dignity of man.” (Dr. M.
Shetland)
Ultimate Goal of Community
Health Nursing (CHN)
•*Ultimate Goal: To
raise the level of
health of the citizenry
Primary Focus of Community
•Primary focus: Health

promotion and disease
prevention
Primary Goal of Community
•Primary Goal: Self-

reliance in Health
Principles of Community Health
Nursing (CHN)
• ✓Is based on recognized needs of communities,
families, groups and individuals.
• ✓Knowledge and understanding of the objectives and
policies of the agency facilities goal achievement.
• ✓CHN considers the family as the unit of service.
• ✓Respect for the values, customs and beliefs
Nursing (CHN)
• ✓CHN integrated health education and counseling as
vital parts of functions.
• ✓Collaborative work relationships with the co-
workers and members of the health team facilities
accomplishments of goals.
• ✓Periodic and continuing evaluation provides the
means for assessing the degree to which CHN goals
and objectives are being attained
Nursing (CHN)
• ✓Continuing staff education program quality services to client
and are essential to upgrade and maintain sound nursing
practices in their setting.
• ✓Utilization of indigenous and existing community resources
maximizing the success of the efforts of the Community
Health Nurses.
• ✓Active participation of the individual, family and community
in planning and making decisions for their health care needs,
determine, to a large extent, the success of the CHN programs
Nursing (CHN)
• ✓Supervision of nursing services by qualified
by CHN personnel provides guidance and
direction to the work to be done.
• ✓Accurate recording and reporting serve as
the basis for evaluation of the progress of
planned programs and activities and as a
guide for the future actions.
Basic Principles of Community
• 1. Community: patient in CHN
• Family: unit of care
• 4 Levels of Clientele: individual, family, population group
• (those who share common characteristics, developmental
• stages, and common exposure to health problems – e.g.,
• children, elderly), and the community
Basic Principles of Community
• 2. Client: ACTIVE partner NOT PASSIVE recipient of care
• 3. CHN practice is affected by developments in health
technology, and changes in society, in general
• 4. The goal of CHN is achieved through multi-sectoral efforts
• 5. CHN is a part of health care system and the larger human
• services system.
Mission of Community Health
Nursing (CHN)
• Health Promotion
• Health Protection
• Health Balance
• Disease prevention
• Social Justice
Nursing (CHN)
• ✓Health Promotion – actions related to lifestyles and choices
that maintains / enhances a population’s health.
• ✓Health Protection – includes activities designed to detect or
prevent illness or alter disease
• processes.
• * Health Balance – state of well being that results from a
healthy interaction between a person’s body, mind, spirit and
environment
Nursing (CHN)
• *Disease Prevention – activities designed
to protect people from disease and its
consequence
• *Social Justice – all people have a right to
certain “basics” of life and health
protection.
Public Health Nursing
• Public Health Nursing: field of professional
practice in nursing and in public health in
which technical nursing, interpersonal,
analytical, and organizational skills are applied
to problems of health as they affect the
community; practice of promoting and
protecting the health of populations using
knowledge from nursing, social, and public
• What is Public Health Nursing?
• •According to WHO Expert Committee of Nursing,
PHN is a “special field of nursing that combines the
skills of nursing public health and some phases of
social assistance and functions as part of the total
public health program for the promotion of health,
the improvement of the conditions in the social and
physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and
disability.”
• Defined as the field of professional
practice in nursing and in public health in
which technical nursing, interpersonal,
analytical, and organizational skills are
applied to problems of health as they
affect the community.
• The practice of promoting and protecting
the health of populations using
knowledge from nursing, social and
public health sciences
• Population-focused, with the goals of the promoting
health and preventing disease and disability for all
people through the creation of conditions in which
people can be healthy
Standards of Public Health
Nursing in the Philippines
• 1. Safe and Quality Nursing Care -
knowledge of health/illness status of
the client, sound decision making;
safety, comfort, privacy,
administration of meds and health
therapeutics and nursing process.
• 2. Management of resources and
environment - organization of
workload; use of financial resources
for client care; mechanism to ensure
proper functioning of equipment and
maintenance of a safe environment
• 3. Health Education - assessment of
client’s learning needs; development
of health education plan and learning
materials and implementation and
evaluation of health education plan
• 4. Legal Responsibility -
adherence to the nursing laws as
well as to national, local and
organizational policies including
documentation of care given to
clients.
• 5. Ethicomoral Responsibility -
respect for the rights of the client;
responsibility and accountability for
own decisions and actions; and
adherence to the international and
national codes of ethics for nurses
• 6. Personal and Professional
Development - identification of own
learning needs, pursuit of continuing
education; involvement in
professional image; positive attitude
towards change and criticism
• 7. Quality Improvement - data
gathering for quality improvement;
participation in nursing rounds;
identification and reporting of
solutions to identifies problems
related to client care.
• 8. Research - research-based
formulation of solutions to
problems in client care and
dissemination and application of
research findings
• 9. Records Management -
accurate and updated
documentation of client care
while observing legal imperatives
and record keeping
• 10. Communication - uses therapeutic
communication techniques, identifies
verbal and nonverbal cues, responds to
client needs, while using formal and
informal channels of communication and
appropriate information technology
• 11. Collaboration and
Teamwork - establishment of
collaborative relationship with
colleagues and other members
of health team
Roles of the Public Health Nurse
• CLINICIAN, who is a health care provider, taking care of the
sick people at home or in the RHU
• HEALTH EDUCATOR, who aims towards health promotion
and illness prevention through dissemination of correct
information; educating people
• FACILITATOR, who establishes multi-sectoral linkages by
referral system
• SUPERVISOR, who monitors and supervises the
performance of midwives
Roles of the Public Health Nurse
• Also:
• Health Advocator: speaks on behalf of the
client; Advocator, who acts on behalf of the
client
• Collaborator: works with other health team
member
Nurses in Public Health Care
• Community/public health nursing is the synthesis of nursing
practice and public health practice.
• The major goal of community health nursing is to preserve the
health of the community and surrounding populations by
focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of
individuals, families, and groups within the community.
• The mission of public health is SOCIAL JUSTICE, which entitles
all people to necessities such as adequate income and health
protection and accepts collective burdens to make this
possible
Levels of Clientele/Clients of the
Nurse
• Individual
• Family
• Group/ Aggregate
• Community
Nurse
• ✓INDIVIDUAL (sick or well) Can
be considered as entry point in
working with the whole family.
Nurse
• ✓FAMILY
• Health task:
• 1. Recognizing interruptions of health or Development
• 2. Seeking health care
• 3. Managing health & non health crises
• 4. Providing care to the sick, disabled & dependent
• member of the family
• 5. Maintaining a home environment conducive to good health & development
• 6. Maintaining good relationship with community & health institution
Nurse
• ✓POPULATION GROUP
• A group of people who share common
characteristics, developmental stage or
common exposure to particular
environmental factors & consequently
common health problems:(Children,
Elderly)
Nurse
• ✓COMMUNITY
• Group of people sharing common geographic
boundaries, values & interests.
• *The hallmark of community health nursing is
that
• it is population- or aggregate-focused
Emerging Fields of Community
Health Nursing in the Philippines
• Home health care: This practice involves
providing nursing care to individuals and
families in their own places of residence mainly
to minimize the effects of illness and disability.
• Hospice home care: This is home care
specifically rendered to the terminally ill
Emerging Fields of Community
Health Nursing in the Philippines
• EntrepreNurse: This is a project initiated by the Department of
Labor and Employment (DOLE), in collaboration with the Board
of Nursing of the Philippines, Department of Health, Philippine
Nurses Association, and other stakeholders to promote nurse
entrepreneurship.
• Faith community nursing or parish nursing: This is the practice
of nursing combined with spiritual care. They may work in
either paid or unpaid positions in a variety of religious faiths
Competency Standard in
• Personal and professional development
• • Quality improvement
• • Research
• • Records management
• • Communication
• • Collaboration and Teamwork
Competency Standard in
• Safe and quality nursing care
• Management of resources and environment
• • Health education
• • Legal responsibility
• • Ethico-moral responsibility
Roles and Functions of a
Community Health Nurse
• WHAT IS ROLE? - It refers to a set of
behavior patterns that are deemed
appropriate for and expected of a
person by virtue of his status in
society and/or a position he occupies
in an organization
Roles and Functions of a
Community Health Nurse
• WHAT IS ROLE? - It refers to a set of
behavior patterns that are deemed
appropriate for and expected of a
person by virtue of his status in
society and/or a position he occupies
in an organization
ROLES OF Community Health
Nursing (CHN)
• 1. Provide of Nursing Care
• 2. Health Monitor -Detecting
deviations from health
Nursing (CHN)
• 3. Health Teacher - Health
education is one of the most
frequently used intervention by
the nurse, and every contact
with a client.
Nursing (CHN)
•4. Counselor -Giving
appropriate advice and
broadening a client’s insight
about a problem
Nursing (CHN)
• 5. Client/Patient Advocate -The nurse
protects the interest and welfare of
the client/patient when the latter’s
health , safety or welfare is
threatened by others, and acts as
their eyes, ears and voice
Nursing (CHN)
• 6. Change Agent - Changing
individual, family, group or community
behavior, including lifestyle and the
environment, in order to promote and
Nursing (CHN)
• 7. Community Organizer - The nurse
stimulates and enhances the community’s
participation in planning, organizing,
implementing and evaluating health
programs and services, initiates
community development activities to
recognize and manage health and health-
related problems
Nursing (CHN)
• 8. Team Member - Member of a
health team and works in close
coordination with them to
enhance community health
Nursing (CHN)
• 9. Trainer, Supervisor and Management –
The nurse assumes the role of a trainer
and supervisor of lower-level health
personnel such as the public health
midwife. The nurse acts as a manage
administrator of a unit or program of the
health agency
Nursing (CHN)
• 10. Researcher - Planning and
conduct of nursing and related
studies that contribute to the
improvement of nursing and
health related services
Nursing (CHN)
• 11. Role Model - The nurse is
called upon to provide a good
example of healthful living to the
community, to practice and
demonstrate what she preaches in
matters concerning health
FUNCTIONS OF Community Health Nursing
(CHN) and Public Health Nursing (PHN)
• WHAT IS FUNCTION?
• It is a set of activities and takes
expected of a person to perform
by virtue of his position or role in
society
• 01 Management Function
• • The management function of the public health
• nurse is inherent in her practice.
• • This function is performed when she organizes
• the “nursing service” of the local health agency
• • A program manager
• 01 Management Function
• • The management function of the public health
• nurse is inherent in her practice.
• • This function is performed when she organizes
• the “nursing service” of the local health agency
• • A program manager
• 02 Supervisory Function
• • PHN is the supervisor of the midwives and other
auxillary health workers in the catchment area.
• • Formulates a supervisory plan and conducts
supervisory visits to implement plan.
• • Conducts supervisory visits using a supervisory
checklist
• 03 Nursing Function
• • An inherent function of the nurse
• • Her practice as a nurse is based on the science and art of
caring Public health nursing is caring for individuals, families
and communities toward health promotion and disease
prevention
• • PHN are expected to provide nursing care
• • PHN uses her knowledge and skill in the nursing process. She
does assessment, plans, and implements care, and evaluates
outcomes
• 03 Nursing Function
• • Establishes rapport with her client: individual,
• family or community
• • Home visits
• • Referral of patients to appropriate levels of care
• 04 Collaborating and Coordinating Function
• • Brings activities or group activities systematically into proper
relation or harmony with each other.
• • Care coordinators for communities and their members
• • Actively involved both socially and politically to empower
individuals, families and communities as an entity to initiate
and maintain health promoting environments.
• 05 Health Promotion and Education Function

• • Activities goes beyond health teachings and
health information campaigns.
• • Understanding the multidimensional nature of
health will enable her to plan and implement
health promoting
• 05 Health Promotion and Education Function

• Uses her skills in advocacy for the creating of a
supportive environment through policies and re-
engineering of the physical environment for
healthier actions
• 06 Training Function
• • Initiates the formulation of staff development
and training programs for midwives and other
auxiliary workers
• • Does training needs assessment for these
health workers, designs the training program
and conducts them in collaboration with other
resource persons
• Also does evaluation of training.
• • PHN participates in the training of nursing and
midwifery affiliates in coordination with the
faculty of colleges of nursing and midwifery
• Also does evaluation of training.
• • PHN participates in the training of nursing and
midwifery affiliates in coordination with the
faculty of colleges of nursing and midwifery
• 07 Research Function
• • Participates in the conduct of research and
utilizes research findings.
• • PHN function is disease surveillance. Purposes
of disease surveillance: - To measure the magnitude of
the problem
• - To measure the effect of the control program

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Community Health

• DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

• Illness- Highly personal state in which

•Diseases- alteration in body

• CHN – A branch of nursing practice,

•Primary focus: Health

•Primary Goal: Self-

• 05 Health Promotion and Education Function

• 05 Health Promotion and Education Function

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