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    Vaccines

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    meetgagiya2005

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Vaccines

    Uploaded by

    meetgagiya2005
    5 views21 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views21 pages

    Vaccines

    Uploaded by

    meetgagiya2005

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    VACCINES AND

    IMMUNIZATION
    SCHEDULE
    MS.MANSI BAJANIYA
    VACCINES

    • “ANY PREPARATION INTENDED TO GENERATE IMMUNITY


    AGAINST DISEASE BY STIMULATING THE PRODUCTION OF
    ANTIBODIES WHICH CAN BE A SUSPENSION OF KILLED OR
    ATTENUATED MICRO ORGANISMS OR PRODUCTS OR
    DERIVATIVESBOD MICRO ORGANISMS.”
    TYPES OF VACCINES

    • INACTIVATED VACCINES
    • LIVE-ATTENUATED VACCINES
    • MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) VACCINES
    • SPECIFIC VACCINES
    • TOXOID VACCINES
     INACTIVATED VACCINES
    • Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of the germ that causes a
    disease.
    • Inactivated vaccines usually don’t provide immunity (protection) that’s as
    strong as live vaccines. So you may need several doses over time
    (booster shots) in order to get ongoing immunity against diseases.
    • Inactivated vaccines are used to protect against:
    • Hepatitis A
    • Flu (shot only)
    • Polio (shot only)
    • Rabies
     LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE
    • LIVE VACCINES USE A WEAKENED (OR ATTENUATED) FORM OF
    THE GERM THAT CAUSES A DISEASE.
    • BECAUSE THESE VACCINES ARE SO SIMILAR TO THE NATURAL
    INFECTION THAT THEY HELP PREVENT, THEY CREATE A
    STRONG AND LONG-LASTING IMMUNE RESPONSE.
    • JUST 1 OR 2 DOSES OF MOST LIVE VACCINES CAN GIVE YOU A
    LIFETIME OF PROTECTION AGAINST A GERM AND THE
    DISEASE IT CAUSES.
    • THEY PROVIDE LONG TIME AND STRONG IMMUNITY.
    EXAMPLES
    • Live vaccines are used to protect against:
    • Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined vaccine)
    • Rotavirus
    • Smallpox
    • Chickenpox
    • Yellow fever
     MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) VACCINES

    • THE VACCINES PREPARED FROM THE MICROBIAL m RNA ARE


    KNOWN AS THE MRNA VACCINES.
    • THEY FROM PROTEINS THAT HELP IN GENERATING
    PROTECTION FROM THE DISEASE.
    • EXAMPLE…..
    • COVID-19 VACCINES
     SPECIFIC VACCINES

    • THESE INCLUDE VACCINES LIKE THE


    SUBUNIT,RECOMINANT,POLYSACSCCHARIDE AND CONJUGATE
    VACCINES.
    • THEY ARE PREPARED BY A PARTICULAR MATERIAL COMPONENTS OF
    THE MICROBES LIKE SUGAR MOLECULES OR PRITIEN ETC….
    • EXAMPLES…
    • HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B
    • HUMANPEPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)
    • HEPATITIS B VACCINES…
     TOXOID VACCINES

    • TOXOID VACCINES USE A TOXIN (HARMFUL PRODUCT) MADE BY THE GERM THAT CAUSES A
    DISEASE.
    • THEY CREATE IMMUNITY TO THE PARTS OF THE GERM THAT CAUSE A DISEASE INSTEAD OF THE
    GERM ITSELF.
    • THAT MEANS THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IS TARGETED TO THE TOXIN INSTEAD OF THE WHOLE
    GERM.
    • EXAMPLES

    • DIPHTHERIA
    • TETANUS
    STORAGE AND HANDALING
    • The storage and handling of the vaccines must be according to the
    standard operating procedures (SOPs) only in all facilities. The SOPs for
    the same must be planned considering the following key features:….
    • The general information regarding the batch of the particular vaccine
    must be easily available and should include the information about the
    manufacturer, the service providers for the equipment, the key staff
    members of the facility along with their job descriptions, the forms
    used daily as well as the requirements for training the staff.
    • The information related to the inventory management of the vaccines
    covering the routine storage as well as handling must be covered in
    the SOPs
    VACCINE FLOW
    COLD CHAIN

    DEFINATION
    • THE 'COLD CHAIN' IS A SYSTEM/NETWORK THAT EXPLAINS
    THAT HOW A VACCINE MUST BE STORED AND TRANSPORTED
    FROM ITS MANUFACTURING SITE TO THE SITE OF ITS ACTUAL
    USAGE CONSIDERING THE RECOMMENDED RANGE OF THE
    TEMPERATURE AT WHICH IT MUST BE CONTAINED OR CARRIED.
    • THE POTENCY OF THE VACCINE IF LOST ONCE CANNOT BE
    RESTORED BACK.
    VACCINE DELIVERY FEATURES
    • THE QUANTITY OF THE VACCINE DELIVERED MUST BE RIGHT.
    • THE QUALITY OF THE VACCINE DELIVERED MUST BE RIGHT.
    • THE DELIVERY TIME OF THE VACCINE MUST BE RIGHT.
    • THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE VACCINES NEED TO BE
    DELIVERED OR STORED DURING THE TRANSPORT MUST BE RIGHT.
    • THE PLACE TO WHICH THE VACCINES NEED TO BE DELIVERED
    MUST BE RIGHT.
    • THE BENEFICIARY TO WHICH THE VACCINES MUST REACH OUGHT
    TO BE RIGHT.
    COLD CHAIN EQUIPMENTS

    1)ELECTRICAL STORAGE EQUIPMENTS


    EX…WALK IN FREEZER ,WALK IN COOLER ,DEEP FREEZER
    2)SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
    3)NON ELECTRICAL REFRIGERATOR
    EX…COLD BOX
    VACCINE CARRIER
    WALK IN COOLER WALK IN FREEZER DEEP FREEZER
    VACCINE SENSITIVITY
    • The vaccines are sensitive to heat, light and freezing. The
    sensitivity of some of the vaccines are as follows:
    • Heat sensitive but freeze stable vaccines-oral polio vaccine
    (OPV) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR).
    • Light sensitive but freeze stable vaccines-MMR, bacillus
    calmette guerin (BCG), Rotavirus vaccine (RVV) and Japanese
    encephalitis (JE).
    • Freeze sensitive but heat stable vaccines-Hepatitis B/Penta
    vaccine, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), tetanus toxoid
    (TT) and diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT).
    IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
    VACCINE WHEN TO GIVE DOSE ROUTE SITE

    FOR PREGNANAT
    WOMAN

    TETANUS TOXOIED EARLY IN 0.5 ML INTRAMUSCULAR UPPER ARM


    (TT-1) PREGNANCY

    TT-2 4 WEEKS AFTER 0.5 ML INTRAMUSCULAR UPPER ARM


    PREGNANCY
    TT-BOOSTER IF RECEVED 2 TT 0.5 ML INTRAMUSCULAR UPPER ARM
    DOSE IN A
    PREGNANCY
    WITHIN LAST 3
    YEARS
    VACCINE WHEN TO GIVE DOSE ROUTE SITE
    FOR INFANT
    BCG AT BIRTH OR AS 0.1 ML (0.05 ML ID LEFT UPPER ARM
    EARLY AS UNTILL 1 MONTH
    POSSIBE TILL 1 OF AGE )
    YEAR OF AGE
    HEPATITIS B AT BIRTH OR AS 0.5 ML IM ANTEROLATERAL
    BIRTH DOSE EARLY AS SIDE OF MID
    POSSIBE WITH IN THIGH
    24 HOURS

    OPV – 0 AT BIRTH OR AS 2 DROPS ORAL ORAL


    EARLY AS
    POSSIBE WITHIIN
    THE FIRST 15
    DAYS

    OPV – 1,2,3 AT 6,10,14 2 DROPS ORAL ORAL


    WEEKS
    DP 1,2,3 AT 6,10,14 0.5 ML IM ANTEROLATERAL
    WEEKS SIDE OF MID
    THIGH
    VACCINE WHEN TO DOSE ROUTE SITE
    GIVE
    MEASELES -1 9 MONTH 0.5 ML SUBCUTENEOUS RIGHT UPPER ARM
    COMPLETED
    MONTHS-12
    MONTH (TILL 5 YR
    OF AGE)
    RVV 6,10,14 WEEKS 5 DROPS ORAL ORAL

    FIPV 6,10,14 WEEKS 0.1 ML ID UPPER ARM

    PCV 6,14 WEEK ,9-12 0.5 ML IM ANTEROLATERAL


    MONTHS ASPECTS OF MID
    THIGH
    JAPANESE 9 MONTH 0.5 ML SUBCUTENEOUS LEFT UPPER ARM
    ENCEPHELITIS COMPLETED
    MONTHS-12
    MONTH
    VIT A (1ST DOSE) AT 9 COMPLETED 1 ML ( 1 LK IU) ORAL ORAL
    MONTH WITH
    VACCINE WHEN TO DOSE ROUTE SITE
    GIVE
    FOR CHILDREN

    DPT BOOSTER -1 16-24 MONTHS 0.5 ML IM ANTERIOLATERAL


    SIDE OF MID
    THIGH
    MEASLES 2ND 16-24 MONTHS 0.5 ML SUBCU RIGHT UPPER ARM
    DOSE
    OPV BOOSTER 16-24 MONTHS 2 DROPS ORAL ORAL

    JAPANESE 16-24 MONTHS 0.5 ML SUBCU LEFT UPPER ARM


    ENCEPHALITIS
    VIT A BOOSTER 16 MONTH. THEN 2 ML (2 LK IU) ORAL ORAL
    (2ND DOSE TO 9TH ONE DOSE EVERY
    DOSE ) 6 MONTH UP TO
    AGE OF 5 YRS
    DPT BOOSTER – 2 5 – 6 YEARS 0.5 ML IM UPPER ARM

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