Parallel Coordinates
Parallel Coordinates
Prepared by
P. Swarna Gowsalya
Assistant Professor
AI & DS
Definition
A parallel coordinate plot is graphical method where each observation or data
each data point is represented by a line that connects the values of each variable.
The lines are colored according to a specific variable, which allows for easy
https://www.highcharts.com/demo/highcharts/parallel-co
ordinates
Scenarios Where Parallel Coordinate Plots Are Particularly Useful
Scalability: Can become cluttered and hard to interpret with a large number
of variables or data points.
Overlapping Lines: With many data points, lines can overlap, making it
difficult to distinguish individual observations.
Normalization: Scaling axes individually can sometimes distort the
relationships between variables.
Trellis Display
Display any one of the large variety of 1D, 2D and 3D plot types in a trellis layout of panels, where
each panel displays the selected plot type for a level or interval on additional discrete or continuous
conditioning variables
Panels are laid out into columns, rows and pages
Mapping of Variables
1. Axis variable
1.1 Mapped to one of the coordinates in the panels
2. Conditioning variable
2.1 Mapped to a horizontal bar at the top of each panel, representing one of its levels (discrete
variable) or intervals (continuous variable)
2.2 Continuous variables have to be divided into intervals
2.3 The intervals are usually overlapped a little to improve the effectiveness of visualizing
interrelationships
3. Superposed variable
3.1 Mapped to color or symbol of points in the panels
Characteristics
Grid Layout: The panels are arranged in a grid layout, making it easy to
compare across different subsets of the data.
Conditioning Variables: One or more variables are used to define the
subsets of the data displayed in each panel.
Consistency: Each panel uses the same scales and graphical representation,
ensuring consistency and comparability.
Types of trellis display
Trellis Plots for Quantitative Variables
Trellis Plots for Categorical Variables
Trellis Plots for Y versus X
Trellis Plots for Z versus X and Y
Trellis Plots for Quantitative Variables
To display characteristics of a single quantitative variable, the Numeric
Y trellis plot may be used.
It creates box-and-whisker plots, frequency histograms, and normal
probability plots.
For example, the plot below contains histograms showing the distribution
of weight for 514 attendees at selected fitness centers in California.
The sample is segmented according to the age and gender of the attendees.
Controls at the top of the window let the analyst change the cells in the
histograms.
Trellis Plots for Categorical Variables
To display characteristics of a single categorical variable, the Categorical
Y trellis plot may be used.
It creates barcharts, piecharts and donut plots.
The plot below shows the percentage of males and females attending the
fitness centers in the samples illustrated above, segmented by age.
Trellis Plots for Y versus X
To display how the relationship between 2 quantitative variables changes
with the values of 1 or 2 conditioning variables, the Y versus X trellis plot
may be used.
The plot below shows the relationship between height and weight for
individuals in the fitness center example.
Linear regression lines have been fit to each segment. Nonlinear regression
models and nonparametric smoothers may be plotted instead.
Trellis Plots for Z versus X and Y
These simple plots are used to compare two dimensional data by plotting
to a matrix.
Cont’d
A scatterplot matrix is an n x n matrix that has all the rows and columns labeled by the n
dimensions.
Each cell (i, j) in the matrix is a scatterplot with the dimension on the y-axis and the
dimensions.
However, these matrices only provides information about how two dimensions relate.
e.g. there are 52=25 lines and 5(5-1)/2=10 faces in a 5-D hyperbox
For each line in a hyperbox, there are k-1 other lines with the same length
and orientation; lines with the same length and orientation form a direction
set.
Thank You