EE-260 Lecture 13
EE-260 Lecture 13
EE-260 Lecture 13
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The Motor Action
2
RE
Production of Induced Force on a VI
EW
Current Carrying Wire F i (l B )
The force induced on the conductor is:
Fleming’s Right Hand Rule: F ilBSin
The thumb, forefinger, and middle finger Direction of l defined to be in
of the right hand are extended at right the direction of current flow
angles to each other.
rF sin 4
4. The Torque Induced in a Current-Carrying Loop
(2/8)
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4. The Torque Induced in a Current-Carrying Loop
(3/8)
Segment ab: The direction of current is into
the page, while the magnetic field B points to
the right, the vector lxB points down. The
induced force and torque are:
F i (l B) F (r sin ab )
F ilB down rilB sin ab clockwise
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The Torque Induced in a Current-Carrying Loop
(7/8)
ind2rilB sin 2rilBS sin
The equation can be alternatively expressed in terms of the
flux density produced due to current in the loop
If the current in the loop is as shown in the
figure , it will produce magnetic flux
density Bloop.
The magnitude of the flux density will be:
Ni
Bloop H Loop area is equal to 2rl
l
G G
Bloop
i i ( ) Bloop ind (2rl )
Bloop BS sin
l
G
G depends upon the geometry of ind A Bloop BS sin
the loop
ind kBloop BS sin
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The Torque Induced in a Current-Carrying Loop
(8/8)
ind kBloop BS sin
k depends upon construction of the machine, Bs is the stator
magnetic field
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Induced Torque in an AC Machine (2/4)
Induced force and torque on
conductor 1 are:
F1 i l× Bs ilBs sin
τind,1 = r × F = rilBs sin
Induced force and torque on
conductor 2 are:
F2 i l× Bs ilBs sin
τind,2 = r × F = rilBs sin
The resultant torque is:
τind = τind,1 τind,2 = 2rilBs sin
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Induced Torque in an AC Machine (3/4)
• The current i flowing in the rotor coil produces a magnetic
field of its own. Direction of the peak of this magnetic field
is given by the right-hand rule
• The angle between the peak of the stator flux density Bs
and the peak of the rotor magnetic filed BR is
The induced torque can be
expressed as:
τind = kBR × BS
ind kBR BS sin ccw
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1: The Rotating Magnetic Field (4/7)
The three phase current are given by:
iaa t I M Sint A
ibb (t ) I M Sin(t 120 ) A
icc (t ) I M Sin(t 240 ) A
The current produces magnetic field intensity:
H aa (t ) H M Sint0 A.turn/m
H bb (t ) H M Sin(t 120 )120 A.turn/m
H cc (t ) H M Sin(t 240 )240 A.turn/m
At ωt=0o
Baa 0
o3
Bbb BM Sin( 120 )120 BM 120
2
3
Bcc BM Sin( 240 )240 BM 240
2
Bnet Baa Bbb Bcc
Bnet 1.5 BM 90
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The Rotating Magnetic Field (6/7)
Flux densities at various
instants of time
Baa (t ) BM Sin t 0 T
Bbb (t ) BM Sin(t 120 )120 T
Bcc ' (t ) BM Sin(t 240 )240 T
At ωt=90o
Baa BM Sin 90 0
Bbb BM Sin ( 30 )120
Bcc BM Sin ( 150 )240
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The Rotating Magnetic Field
ALTERNATOR (AC Generator or Synchronous Generators)
The elementary 3-phase 2-pole synchronous generator has a stator equipped with
3 coils displaced 120o from each other; although shown as concentrated, they
actually are distributed. When the rotor is excited with dc and rotated, the resultant
field will also rotate so that sinusoidal voltages are generated in the 3 stator
phases, displaced 120o in time and having a frequency directly related to rotor
speed.
Relationship between Electrical Frequency and
Speed of Magnetic Field Rotation (1/3)
Where the flux leaves is denoted as North
Pole, and where it enters is called South
Pole
When the electrical cycle of the applied
current completes one rotation the magnetic
poles also complete one mechanical rotation
Therefore, mechanical speed of rotation of
magnetic field in revolution per second is
equal to the electric frequency in Hertz
fe fm 2 poles
e m 2 poles
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Relationship between Electrical Frequency and Speed of
Magnetic Field Rotation (2/3)
• The windings on the two pole stator occur in
the order (taken counter clockwise): a-c’-b-
a’-c-b’.
If the winding pattern is repeated twice;
a-c’-b-a’-c-b’ - a-c’-b-a’-c-b’
When the 3 phase current is applied, two
north and two south poles will be created.
A pole moves only half way around the stator
surface in one electrical cycle.
• The electrical frequency of the e 2 m
current is twice the mechanical f e 2 f m
frequency of rotation e 2m
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Relationship between Electrical Frequency and
Speed of Magnetic Field Rotation (3/3)
• If P are the magnetic poles then P/2 are repetition of windings
sequence around the inner surface of the stator
• The electrical and mechanical quantities on the stator are related as:
P P P
e m ; e m ; f e f m
2 2 2
The electrical frequency in hertz can be related to the resulting
mechanical speed of the magnetic fields in revolution per minute
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Winding diagram of
the stator as seen from
its inner surface,
showing how the
stator currents
produce north and
Reversing the Direction of the
Magnetic Field
If the current in any of the two phases is
swapped, the direction of the magnetic field
rotation will be reversed
It is possible to reverse the direction of
rotation of an ac motor just by switching
the connection on any two of the three coils
Take the winding sequence when you start
your HW and prove it to yourself…
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