Scribd
Upload
7 views18 pages

L01-Basics of ISD

Uploaded by

mohitmaithil7979
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views18 pages

L01-Basics of ISD

Uploaded by

mohitmaithil7979
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Information System Design

Basics
What is a System?

• A collection of parts that work together to achieve a goal/task

– Examples; Solar system, Digestive systems, Computer system,


Information system etc.

• A set of objects and relationships among the objects viewed as


a whole and designed to achieve a purpose

Information System Design 2


What is subsystem?

• A subsystem is simply a system within a system.


– Automobile is a system composed of subsystems: Engine
system, Body system, Frame system

• Each of these subsystem is composed of sub-sub --systems.


– Engine system: carburetor system, generator system, fuel
system, and so on.

Information System Design 3


System Concepts
• Decomposition
– The process of breaking down a system into smaller components
– Allows the systems analyst to:
– Break a system into small, manageable subsystems
– Focus on one area at a time
– Concentrate on component pertinent to one group of users
– Build different components at independent times
• Modularity
– Process of dividing a system into modules of a relatively uniform size
and Modules simplify system design
• Coupling
– Subsystems that are dependent upon each other are coupled
• Cohesion
– Extent to which a subsystem performs a single

Information System Design 4


CBIS vs Manual Systems

• CBIS
– Information system that rely on computer hardware and
software for processing and disseminating information

• Manual systems
– Use paper + pencil technology

Information System Design 5


Approach to system development

There are three strategies of IS development


• Process-oriented approach -An strategy to IS development
that focuses on how and when data are moved through and
changed by an IS.
• Data-oriented approach- An strategy to IS development that
focuses on the ideal organization of data rather than where and
how data are used.
• Object-oriented approach- A system development
methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than
data or process.

Information System Design 6


What is an Information System?

Information
+
System
=
Information System

Information System Design 7


Definition of Information

Information?
=
Creating data
Collecting data
Managing data
Processing data

Information System Design 8


Definition of Information

System?
=

Input P rocessor O utput

Information System Design 9


What is an Information System?

• An Information System is a combination of


– Hardware
– Software
– Telecommunication networks (Internet)

• Which people build and use to


– Collect
– Create
– Distribute data

• Typically in
– Organizational setting

Information System Design 10


Components of an Information System

Data User

Information System

Hardware Telecommunication

Software

Information System Design 11


Example of Information Systems

• Library Information System


• Information retrieval system
• Geographical Information System
• On-line Business Transaction
• Microsoft Office
• www.scs.dauniv.ac.in
• MatLab

Information System Design 12


Information System Types

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)


• Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• Expert System and Artificial Intelligence (ES &AI)

Information System Design 13


Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
• TPS are computerized information systems that were developed to
process large amounts of data for routine business transaction.
• Automate the handling of data about business activities and
transactions, which can be thought of a simple discrete events in the
life of an organization
– Data about each transaction are captured,
– Transactions are verified and accepted/rejected,
– Validation transactions are stored for later aggregation.
– Report may be produced to provide summarization of the
transactions, and
– Transaction may be moved from process to process in order to
handle all aspects of the business activities.

Information System Design 14


Management Information Systems (MIS)

• Information system at the management level of an


organization that serves the functions of planning, controlling,
and decision making by providing routine summary and
exception reports.
• It takes the relatively raw data available through a TPS and
converts them into a meaningful aggregated form that mangers
need to conduct their responsibilities.
• Developing an MIS calls for a good understanding of what
kind of information managers require and how managers use
information in their jobs.

Information System Design 15


Decision Support systems (DSS)

• Information system at the management level of an


organization that combines data and sophisticated analytical
models or data analysis tools to support semi-structured and
unstructured decision making.
• DSS are designed to help organizational decision make
decision.
• A DSS is composed of a:
– Database ( may be extracted from a TPS/MIS)
– Graphical/mathematical models for business process
– User interface that provides a way to communicate with
DSS
Information System Design 16
Expert System and Artificial Intelligence
• Knowledge representation describes the way an expert would
approach the problem. It attempts to codify and manipulate
knowledge rather than information.
• User communication with an ES via an interactive dialogue.
• The ES asks questions ( that an expert would ask) and the end
user
• supplies the answers.
• The answers are then used to determine which rules apply and
the ES provides a recommendation based on the rule.
• Knowledge Engineers perform knowledge acquisition; they are
similar with system analyst but are trained to use different
techniques.

Information System Design 17


Exercises

• Identify the different components in the following systems:


Library Information System, Microsoft Office, Cellular Phone.

• Identify systems, which are not information system?

• Describe the various types of Information Systems along with


their merits and demerits.

• Explain the applications of each category of information


systems?

Information System Design 18

You might also like