Module 1

• Information Technology in Management

• Fundamentals of Information Technology in
management ,Organizations, Environments, IT & IS,
Ebusiness/Ecommerce in global scenario: Role in transforming
business and management in organizations with focus on IB, Use of
communication systems in information management
Module 2
• Information Systems within Business Management
• Introduction to common used system and models, Relationship
between IS, organizations and business processes, Types of IS(TPS,
OAS, MIS, DSS, ESS and SIS), Information management and decision
making, Managing international Information systems
Module 3
• Knowledge based systems
• Intelligent support systems & concepts of Artificial Intelligence, Data
Mining & Data warehousing, Emerging trends in Information
management systems
Module 4
• Managerial implications of IT/IS in Global business
• Planning, Organizing and controlling, Information Security, Tools and
techniques, Legal and Ethical issues, Future of Information
management
•
Module 5
• Practical aspects and applications of IT/IS
• Introduction to MIS packages and tools , Web interface and
techniques, Introduction to ERP & CRM solutions
Module 1
• Information Technology in Management
• Fundamentals of Information Technology in
management ,Organizations, Environments, IT & IS,
Ebusiness/Ecommerce in global scenario: Role in transforming
business and management in organizations with focus on IB, Use of
communication systems in information management
Organization
• An organizational structure is:

• An explanation of workflow and responsibilities

• A day-to-day guide governing employee tasks, interactions and
reporting
• A quick means for employees to understand where they need to go
for help or answers for specific issues
factors that influence organizational structure

• 1. What is the long-term vision for your business?

• 2. What have you promised your customers?
• 3. Based on your marketplace presence (customer promise), what
type of culture do you need to deliver on that promise better than
your competition?
focus should be on establishing

• The optimal, most efficient workflow

• Achieving business goals
• Serving customers well
ways by which you can organize
your employees:

• By function (sales, marketing, accounting/finance, etc.)

• By region
• By product line
• What is McDonald's strategy?
• McDonald's primary generic strategy is cost leadership. In Porter's
model, this generic strategy involves minimizing costs to offer
products at low prices. As a low-cost provider, McDonald's offers
products that are relatively cheaper compared to competitors like
Arby's
• How is Mcdonalds innovative?
• McDonald's uses advancements in technology to offer personalisation
to customers through self-service kiosks, where are they able to place
orders and make payments without having to queue up and can
request for their food to be brought to their table by employees.
• How is McDonald's digitally transforming the organization?
• Analyzing the Customer Journey

Instead, the restaurant chain has focused its digital transformation on

what it terms the “customer journey.” They divide this journey into
two parts: Customer experience: Offering products that streamline
interactions, such as new options for paying and ordering remotely
• What are McDonald's plans for the future?
• McDonald's Experience of the Future redesign is getting a $6 billion
boost. The company announced in one of the news article in a series
of separate statements that, along with its franchisees, it plans to
invest $6 billion in total to modernize most of its U.S. units by 2022.
• Who is McDonald's biggest competitor?
• Key Takeaways. McDonald's is one of the largest and most well-known
fast-food chains in the world. Privately-owned Burger King is
McDonald's closest competitor. Yum Brands operates Taco Bell, KFC,
and Pizza Hut.
• What made McDonalds successful?
• So why did McDonald's become so successful? ...
No, McDonald's innovation was creating a better business system—
better methods, systems and controls—than existed at the time in the
food industry so that it could lower its costs and sell its products
cheaper to the public, which allowed it to grow and be more
profitable.
• What are McDonald's weaknesses?
• McDonald's main weaknesses are as follows:
• Limited process flexibility.
• Low product diversification.
• Vulnerability to Western market decline.
• Who is more successful McDonald's or Burger King?
• Granted, McDonald's is the second-largest fast food chain in the
world. But if you believe this study, 'McDonald's' as a brand is worth
almost 18.5 times as much as 'Burger King,' even
though McDonald's only has about twice as many restaurants
worldwide.
The World's Largest Fast Food Restaurant
Chains
McDonalds Statistics: How many McDonalds are in the world?
Number of customers served daily by
McDonald's:

• 25 million customers
How many McDonald's are in
the US:
• 14,000 restaurants
Technology used in McDonald's
• SAP an ERP system for McDonalds.
• Customer Invoicing, in McDonald's use Microsoft word or Microsoft
excel.
Number of eggs McDonald's USA buys annually:

2 billion
Average number of hamburgers sold at
McDonald's per minute globally:

75 hamburgers
Amount of fries McDonald's sells every day
globally:

9 million pounds of fries

Number of Big Macs sold
annually:
• 550 million
Average number of workers McDonald's hires
annually in the US:

1 million
How many employees does McDonald's have
globally:

• 1.9 million
Number of countries McDonald's has
restaurants in:

• 120
Percentage of McDonald's restaurants that are
franchises:

• 93%
Number of McDonald's restaurants that are
franchises:

• 35,085
Number of downloads of the McDonald's mobile
app:

• 60 million
Number of McDonald's you can mobile order at:

• 22,000
McDonalds Revenue (annual):
MIS objective
Glossory
• data: Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the
physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that
people can understand and use.
• Chief information officer (CIO): Senior manager in charge of the information systems
function in the firm.

• database management system (DBMS): Special software to create and maintain a

database and enable individual business applications to extract the data they need
without having to create separate files or data definitions in their computer programs.

• data-driven DSS: A system that supports decision making by allowing users to extract
and analyze useful information that was previously buried in large databases.
• electronic business (e-business): The use of the Internet and digital
technology to execute all the business processes in the enterprise.
Includes e-commerce as well as processes for the internal
management of the firm and for coordination with suppliers and
other business partners.

• Electronic mail (e-mail): The computer-to-computer exchange of

messages.S
• Information Technology in Management
• Fundamentals of Information Technology in
management ,Organizations, Environments, IT & IS,
Ebusiness/Ecommerce in global scenario: Role in transforming
business and management in organizations with focus on IB, Use of
communication systems in information management
Information Technology in Management
• IT management is the discipline whereby all of the information
technology resources of a firm are managed in accordance with its
needs and priorities. These resources may include tangible
investments like computer hardware, software, data, networks and
data center facilities, as well as the staff who are hired to maintain
them.
Could Your Business Run Without Inf
ormation Technology
Solving Business Problems with Infor
mation Technology
Healthcare Information Technology (
HCIT)
How to Leverage the Business
Needs Analysis for Success
Importance of Information
technology in business
• Communication and relationship building
• To better understand business priorities and the strategies in use

• To identify projects and initiatives prioritize

• To build collaborative relationships with the rest of the C-suite

• IT brings you better communications.

• IT gives you better efficiency.

• IT is a major source of competitive advantage.

The importance of IT in Business
• Resource Management and Globalization
• Virtual Offices
• Management Information Systems
• Global Communication
• Process Improvement
• Increased Productivity
• Up-to-Date Market Trending
• Decision Making
• Marketing and Business Growth
• Customer Support and Satisfaction
• Global Business Expansion through Digital Media
• Inventory Management
• The Technology Business Management Council finds that there are
four major reasons why the C-suite takes such a dim view to IT:
• They can’t clearly see the value to IT;
• They perceive IT costs as uncontrolled (because the IT department have a
hard time defending what they spend);
• They only see bad planning (because of long forecast cycles, it’s hard to get an
accurate read on how planning directly ties to outcomes); and
• They feel there’s a lack of agility (in-house IT upgrades lag behind those that
the cloud offers).
• majority (54%) of non-IT C-level executives see IT as an obstacle
to success
The ways in which information
technology has impacted modern
businesses.
• Today’s business transactions and operations cannot be conducted
without modern technology
• Technology as a means of security
• Technology links you to the rest of the world
• Technology and mobile adaptability
• Better connectivity
7 ways Walmart is innovating
with technology

• Mobile upgrades
• Returns
• Robots
• Automation
• Online
Information Technology
SCM : Business Application
Supply Chain Management
Today’s Story
• How Ninjacart built a tech-enabled supply chain for fresh farm
produce, delivering 500 tonnes daily
Business Model
• Every day, around 500 tonnes of vegetables and fruits are delivered to
thousands of shops and retail stores across multiple cities in India in
just two and a half hours. And this is done by agritech startup
Ninjacart with a delivery accuracy rate of 99.88 percent all year-
round, without a single day off.
• Behind this accurate and large-scale operation is years of hard work,
deep market understanding, and innovative use of technology - all
directed towards the single-minded goal of improving efficiency and
plugging pilferage.
Key Point
• farmer harvest calendar
• demand and supply gives farmers a week’s notice of what is expected of them.
• Company used complete past buying data of customers - what they ordered and the frequency of
order to figure out a pattern and to know which items to procure.
• 22 collection centres.
• 7,000 farmers on its platform but on average, 2,000 transact on a monthly basis.

• The produce comes in between 4.00 pm and 6.00 pm daily

• Its customer base has also grown from 150 in 2016 to 8,500 today, with around 5,000 daily
deliveries.
• The entire process is monitored through an app that the company
built in-house, which also helps in the order the carts need to be
placed so that the team can deliver faster. “This is the result of our
sophisticated supply chain algorithm,” says Vasudevan.
• B2B model to create a seamless link between farmers’ produce and
retail stores.
Ninjacart Allows Farmer to Sell their Vegetables & Fruits Directly
Technology to the fore

• Ninjacart educates its farmers on the desired quality and once this is
sorted, all produce is put into crates at collection centres. In
Bengaluru alone, it has 22 collection centres.

• The startup has close to 7,000 farmers on its platform but on average,
2,000 transact on a monthly basis. The produce comes in between
4.00 pm and 6.00 pm daily, with some farmers traveling up to 400 km
to make the drop.
• Over the years, Ninjacart has expanded and its operations and scale
have also increased.
• In 2016, it was handling only seven tonnes a day, and a year ago, this
was around 100 tonnes.
• Today, it manages 500 tonnes daily, and this is only going to increase
as the startup is now present in Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad,
Delhi, and Mumbai.
Case Study on MIS: Information System in
Restaurant
• Case Summary:
• A waiter takes an order at a table, and then enters it online via one of the six terminals located in
the restaurant dining room. The order is routed to a printer in the appropriate preparation area: the
cold item printer if it is a salad, the hot-item printer if it is a hot sandwich or the bar printer if it is
a drink. A customer’s meal check-listing (bill) the items ordered and the respective prices are
automatically generated. This ordering system eliminates the old three-carbon-copy guest check
system as well as any problems caused by a waiter’s handwriting. When the kitchen runs out of a
food item, the cooks send out an ‘out of stock’ message, which will be displayed on the dining room
terminals when waiters try to order that item. This gives the waiters faster feedback, enabling them
to give better service to the customers. Other system features aid management in the planning and
control of their restaurant business. The system provides up-to-the-minute information on the food
items ordered and breaks out percentages showing sales of each item versus total sales. This helps
management plan menus according to customers’ tastes. The system also compares the weekly
sales totals versus food costs, allowing planning for tighter cost controls. In addition, whenever an
order is voided, the reasons for the void are keyed in. This may help later in management decisions,
especially if the voids consistently related to food or service. Acceptance of the system by the users
is exceptionally high since the waiters and waitresses were involved in the selection and design
process. All potential users were asked to give their impressions and ideas about the various
systems available before one was chosen.
• Information Technology in Management
• Fundamentals of Information Technology in
management ,Organizations, Environments, IT & IS,
Ebusiness/Ecommerce in global scenario: Role in transforming
business and management in organizations with focus on IB, Use of
communication systems in information management
Types of Business
Organizational Structures
• Large or small, every organization should operate with a defined
organizational structure. A well thought out and strategic business
configuration clarifies reporting relationships and supports good
communication – resulting in efficient and effective work process
flow.
Using Information Technology to Build a World
Class Team
Hierarchical Organizational
Structure
• Military, government, and other very large organizations use a
hierarchy to determine the level of control employees have over their
work as well as their rank relative to others.
Matrix Organizational Structure
• For example, a recording engineer who works for a music publisher,
may have engineers who report to him but may also use his expertise
and work with teams to develop new music albums.
Functional Organizational
Structure
• For example, managers of different functional areas all report up to
one director or vice president who has responsibility for all of the
operational areas.
Product Organizational
Structure
Flow of Information
1. Downward
2. Upward
3. Horizontal
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INFORMATION SYSTEM
Information System Components
Computer Information Systems vs. Information Technology
• Ebusiness/Ecommerce in global scenario: Role in
transforming business and management in organizations
with focus on IB
Four Areas to Investigate Before International
Expansion

• Start with operations

• Weigh product demand with international supply.
• Look for a competitive vacuum.
• Determine the scope of expansion.
Things to consider when launching cross-border

• Localization
• Pricing
• Landed Costs(taxes, duties, currency exchange fees, customs, tariffs, insurance
premiums, shipping and handling expense, and payment processing charges)
• Payments
• Logistics
• Customer Service
• Infrastructure
• Data Security
• Legal Regulations
• Language Localization
MVMT: A $20 Million Pivot

• When timepiece and accessories company MVMT (Los Angeles-based watch company that sells quartz watches,
as well as sunglasses and accessories. ) expanded internationally, the brand initially took a low-impact approach.
A strong, global social media following drove site traffic, but international conversion was significantly lower than
domestic. Cross border customers were making their own tax and duty calculations and were also responsible for
remitting their own fees to local authorities. Orders took up to three weeks to fulfill.
• Director of e-commerce Alicia Radabaugh identified the problem, realizing MVMT was missing a significant
revenue opportunity. The company turned to technology for a solution, selecting a tool that helped MVMT
address these and other operational challenges. Radabaugh’s team used the software to determine local
currency pricing for 200 countries, to manage exchange rates, to set rounding functions, to apply proper taxes
and duties, and to provide customers with multiple payment and shipping options. The company also
streamlined the addition of 60 new local payment options. Processing costs decreased by 20 percent; shipping
savings were even greater, going down 30 percent.

• Technology also enabled MVMT to better focus on their online customer experience. The team used A/B testing
to explore price rounding, taxes and duties display, and shipping tier options. This data-driven approach not only
improved customer service, but it also grew sales. Today, MVMT makes more than $20 million a year from
international e-commerce.
• What kind of problem is discussed in the case study and how
technology has provided the solution for the same?
Our Learning till last class
• Objective of MIS
• Case study
• Mc donald’s ( Just to understand the various types of information of an
organization )
• Restaurant case study ( To understand how the flow information is important
for efficiency )
• Ninja Cart Case study ( How technology is used to enhance the performance
of information system )
• Dunzo and Library management system ( To know the difference between
basic and advanced information system)
• Information system pyramid ( Types of information systems )
• Sun Pharma case study ( To understand the pyramid of information system )