WEEK 1
1 Meeting
st
Rechecking of
the First Periodic
Test
2 nd
Meeting
Math Reflect
“So then, just as you
received Christ Jesus
as Lord, continue to
live your lives in him,
rooted and built up in
him, strengthened in
the faith as you were
taught, and
overflowing with
Math Reflect
What practical
steps may a
person take to
become "rooted
and built up" in
their faith?
Learning Competencies
describe principal roots and tells
whether they are rational or irrational;
determine between what two integers
the square root of a number;
describe principal roots and tell whether
they are rational or irrational;
determine the square roots of perfect
square numbers;
Learning Competencies
extract the square roots of non-perfect
square numbers; and
develop an appreciation for the process
of extracting square roots by
understanding it as a foundational
mathematical skill, much like being
rooted and built up in Christ provides a
strong foundation for life.
The discovery of irrational
numbers is usually
attributed to Pythagoras,
more specifically to the
Pythagorean Hippasus of
Metapontum, who produced
a (most likely geometrical)
proof of the irrationality of
the square root of 2.
The story goes that Hippasus
discovered irrational
numbers when trying to
represent the square root of
2 as a fraction (proof below).
However, Pythagoras
believed in the absoluteness
of numbers, and could not
accept the existence of
irrational numbers.
He could not disprove their
existence through logic, but
his beliefs would not accept
the existence of irrational
numbers, and so he
sentenced Hippasus to death
by drowning.
Set of
Irrational
Numbers
1. Principal Roots
2. Extracting Square
Roots of Irrational
Numbers
What is the
square root
of a
number?
Square Root of a
- a value that,Number
when multiplied by itself,
gives the original number.
In other words, if is the square root of ,
then .
Are square
root and
principal
square root
the same or
different?
Are square root and principal
square root the same or
different?
The square root of a positive
number always has two
answers, the positive
number and the negative
number.
What is the
principal root
of a rational
number?
What is the principal root of
a rational number?
The principal square
root refers to the positive
answer.
How do you
find the
square root?
How do you find the square
root?
The square root can be found
using various methods.
For square roots of large
numbers, or for those which the
result is an irrational number,
calculators are very beneficial.
How do you find the square
root?
The square root can also be
found using a prime root tree.
It can also be found using
estimation and trial and error.
What are
perfect
square
numbers?
PERFECT SQUARES
PERFECT SQUARES
An integer that can be expressed
as the square of another integer.
In other words, it is defined as
the product of some integer with
itself.
How do you
square a
number?
How do you square a
Factor/ number?
Perfect Square
Exponential
Form
(1 )(1 )𝑜𝑟 1
2
1
(2 )(2 ) 𝑜𝑟 2
2
4
(3 )( 3 )𝑜𝑟 3 2
9
( 4 )( 4 ) 𝑜𝑟 4 2
16
(5 ) ( 5 ) 𝑜𝑟 5 2
25
How do you square a
Factor/ number?
Perfect Square
Exponential
Form
(6 ) (6 ) 𝑜𝑟 6
2
36
(7 )(7 )𝑜𝑟 7
2
49
(8 ) (8 ) 𝑜𝑟 8 2
64
(9 )( 9 )𝑜𝑟 9 2
81
(10 ) ( 10 ) 𝑜𝑟 10 2
100
How do you square a
Factor/ number?
Perfect Square
Exponential
Form
(11)(11) 𝑜𝑟 11
2
121
(12 )(12 )𝑜𝑟 12
2
144
(13)(13) 𝑜𝑟 13 2
169
(14) (14) 𝑜𝑟 14 2
196
(15 ) ( 15 ) 𝑜𝑟 15 2
225
How do you square a
Factor/ number?
Perfect Square
Exponential
Form
(16 )(16 )𝑜𝑟 16
2
265
(17 )(17 )𝑜𝑟 17
2
289
(18)(18) 𝑜𝑟 18 2
324
(19)(19) 𝑜𝑟 1 9 2
361
(20 ) ( 20 ) 𝑜𝑟 20 2
400
Parts of Radical Number
√
index
𝒙
𝒏 radical sign
radicand
Every positive number has two
square roots, one positive and one
negative.
Principal root – positive square
root
Secondary root – negative
square root
EXAMPLE 1
Given Why? Principal Secondary
Root Root
√ 81 ( 9 ) ( 9 ) 9− 9
( − 9 ) (− 9 )
EXAMPLE 1
Given Why? Principal Secondary
Root Root
√ 64 ( 8 ) ( 8 ) 8−8
( − 8 ) ( −8 )
Note:
• A negative number has no
square root in the set of real
numbers.
• Zero has only one root (0).
• The square root of a positive
integer is either rational or
irrational.
Note:
• Rational – if the radicand is
a perfect square
• Irrational – if the radicand is
not a perfect square
3 rd
Meeting
SQUARE ROOT OF
NON-PERFECT SQUARES
If a radicand is not a perfect
square, then it is considered an
irrational number.
SQUARE ROOT OF
NON-PERFECT SQUARES
These numbers cannot be
written as a fraction because
the decimal does not end (non-
terminating) and does not
repeat a pattern (non-
How to
extract the
roots of a
non-perfect
square
number?
To extract their square root,
we follow the following steps.
Check if there is a perfect
square factor of the radicand. If
there is, get the highest factor
that is a perfect square.
To extract their square root,
we follow the following steps.
Rewrite it as a product of 2
square roots.
Separate the two factors.
To extract their square root,
we follow the following steps.
Get the square root of the
perfect square factor
Simplify your answer.
Example 1
√ 8
¿ √ 4 · 2
¿ √ 4 · √2
¿ 𝟐 √ 𝟐
Example 2
√ 12
¿ √ 4 · 3
¿ √ 4 · √3
¿ 𝟐 √ 𝟑
Example 3
√ 50
¿ √ 25 · 2
¿ 𝟓 √ 𝟐
Example 4
√ 98
¿ √ 49 · 2
¿ 𝟕 √ 𝟐
Example 3
√ 98
¿ √ 49 · 2
¿ 𝟕 √ 𝟐
Extract the square root of the
following radical number.
√48
Extract the square root of the
following radical number.
√ 50
Extract the square root of the
following radical number.
√ 150
Extract the square root of the
following radical number.
√ 200
Extract the square root of the
following radical number.
√ 45
4 th
Meeting
Enrichment
Activity
See attachment
-1
