Scribd
Upload
48 views13 pages

IP Networking Basics

Uploaded by

fooddepo24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views13 pages

IP Networking Basics

Uploaded by

fooddepo24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

IP Networking Basics

Ajay Yadav

22-Mar-2010
What is IP?

• IP - is responsible for moving packet of data from


node to node. IP forwards each packet based on a
four byte destination address (the IP number).

• The Internet authorities assign ranges of numbers


to different organizations. The organizations
assign groups of their numbers to departments.
What is a Router?
• Forwards traffic between networks based on
network layer information in the data and on
routing tables maintained by the router

• Router builds up a logical picture of the overall


network by gathering and exchanging information
with other routers in the network

• Router chooses the best path for forwarding


network traffic
Internet Protocol (IP)
Addresses
• The Internet Protocol (IP) uses a 32-bit address
structure

• The address is usually written in dot notation


(also called dotted-decimal notation), in which
each group of eight bits is written in decimal
form, separated by decimal points

E.g.: The following binary address: 11000011


00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally
written as: 195.34.12.7
Purpose of an IP address

• Unique Identification of
– Source
Sometimes used for security or policy-
based filtering of data
– Destination
So the networks know where to send the
data
Basic Structure of an IP
Address
• 32 bit number (4 octet number):
(e.g. 133.27.162.125)
• Decimal Representation:
133 27 162 125

• Binary Representation:
10000101 00011011 10100010 01111101

• Hexadecimal Representation:
85 1B A2 7D
IP Address Classes
Class A - Only the first octet is used for addressing
and
the balance used for hosts.
Range:
Net address
1.x.x.x
Host
toHost126.x.x.x.
Host

Class B - The first two octet are used for addressing


and the balance used for hosts.
Range: 128.1.x.x to 191.254.x.x.
Net Address Net Address Host Host

Class C - The first three octet are used for


addressing
and the balance used for hosts.
Range:Net192.0.1.x
Net Address Address
to 223.255.254.x.
Net Address Host
Netmask
• A 32-bit quantity that, when logically combined
(using an AND operator) with an IP address, yields
the network address
– Netmask for Class A: 255.0.0.0
– Netmask for Class B: 255.255.0.0
– Netmask for Class C: 255.255.255.0

E.g. 11000000 10101000 10101010 11101101 (192.168.170.236)


Logical AND with: 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 (255.255.255.0)
equals: 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 (192.168.170.0)
Network address: 192.168.170.0

Address could be written as 192.168.170.236/24


Special Addresses
• All 0’s in host part: Represents Network
address
– e.g. 193.0.0.0/24
– e.g. 138.37.128.0/17

• All 1’s in host part: Broadcast


– e.g. 137.156.255.255 (137.156.0.0/16)
– e.g. 134.132.100.255 (134.132.100.0/24)
– e.g. 190.0.127.255 (190.0.0.0/17)
Subnet Addressing
• Allows us to split one IP network address
into smaller multiple physical networks
known as subnetworks.

E.g. To partition a Class C network number (192.68.135.0) into


two, shift one bit from the host address to the network
address
New subnet mask: 255.255.255.128
The first subnet has network number 192.68.135.0 with hosts
192.68.135.1 to 129.68.135.126, and the second subnet
has network number 192.68.135.128 with hosts
192.68.135.129 to 192.68.135.254
Media Access Control (MAC)
Addresses
• A 48-bit number assigned to each device by
the manufacturer

• To send data between LAN devices, you must


convert the IP address of the destination
device to its MAC address

• Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution


Protocol (ARP) to resolve MAC addresses
Domain Name System (DNS)
Server

• maps descriptive names of network


resources to IP addresses

• ISPs, maintain their own DNS servers and


allow their customers to use the servers to
look up addresses
Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)
• A method by which each computer on the
network can automatically obtain this
configuration information

• The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP


addresses, along with other information
(such as gateway and DNS addresses) that
it may assign to the other devices on the
network

You might also like