Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

CE 205
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Prepared by:
Engr. Aldous Neil Jocson
Civil Engineer
Simple Stress
Week 2
Intended Learning Outcome
• To identify the three types of simple stress (axial, shear, and bearing)
• To determine the mechanical behavior of a body by analyzing the stresses
from applied loads.
• To solve complex problems with regards to simple stress.
Stress
is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation. An
object being pulled apart, such as a stretched elastic band, is subject to
tensile stress and may undergo elongation. An object being pushed together,
such as a crumpled sponge, is subject to compressive stress and may undergo
shortening.
Stress
• Take for instance at first glance, the
second bar seems to be the stronger
between the two. However, this is a
bias observation since we did not
take into account the material
property or resistance to loadings
between the two bars.
• Using the table below, we can
evaluate the stress in the two bars
Three Types of Simple Stress
Normal Stress
Force over Area

Shearing Stress
(P / A)
Bearing Stress
Force per unit area; Unit Strength

Units: MPa (N/mm2) for SI; or psi (lb/in2) for English
Normal Stress
Normal stress will occur to members
that are axially loaded. Axial force can
be tension or compression and applied
at the centroid of cross-section of the
member.
Problem 1
A short post constructed from a hollow
circular tube of aluminum supports a
compressive load of 26 kN. The inner
and outer diameters of the tube are
d1=400mm and d2=450mm,
respectively, and its length is 300mm.
Determine the normal stress in the
post. What kind of normal stress acts
on the post?
𝝈=𝟎 . 𝟕𝟕𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Problem 2
The bar ABCD in figure consists of three cylindrical steel segments with different
lengths and cross sectional areas. Axial loads are applied as shown. Calculate
the normal stress in each segment.
,
Shearing Stress
Shearing stress forces parallel to the
area resisting the force cause shearing
stress. It differs to tensile and
compressive stresses, which are
caused by forces perpendicular to the
area on which they act. Shearing
stress is also known as tangential
stress.
Problem 3
Determine the average shear stress in
the 20-mm-diameter pin at A and the
30-m diameter pin at B that support the
beam in the figure.
𝝈 𝑨 =𝟑𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂 , 𝝈 𝑩=𝟏𝟕 .𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Problem 4
What force is required to punch a 20-
mm-diameter hole in a plate that is 25
mm thick? The shear strength is 350
MN/m2.
𝑷 =𝟓𝟒𝟖 .𝟕𝟖𝒌𝑵
Bearing Stress
Bearing stress is the contact pressure
between the separate bodies. It differs
from compressive stress, as it is an
internal stress caused by compressive
forces.
Problem 5
The steel pipe column shown in Fig has an
outside diameter of 150mm and a wall
thickness of 15mm. The load imposed on
the column by the timber beam is 150 kN.
Determine
(a) The average bearing stress at the
surface between the column and the steel
bearing plate
(b) The diameter of a circular bearing plate
if the average bearing stress between the
steel plate and the wood beam is not to
exceed 3.25 MPa
𝝈 𝒃=𝟐𝟑 . 𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 , 𝒅=𝟐𝟒𝟐 𝒎𝒎
Problem 6
Determine the bearing stress
developed in each bolts due to the
force P if the diameter of the bolt is
12mm and the thickness of the plate
is10mm. Assume P to be 10 kN.
𝝈 𝒃=𝟐𝟕 . 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Problem 7
• The two pieces of wood, 2 in. by 4
in., are glued together along the 40
joint. Determine the maximum safe
axial load P that can be applied if the
shear stress in the glue is limited to
250 psi.
Reminders
Quiz Next Meeting (Bring Short Bond Paper)
Seatwork #1
1.) Determine the smallest safe cross-
sectional areas of members CD, GD,
and GF for the truss shown. The
working stresses are 140 MPa in
tension and 100 MPa in compression.
(The working stress in compression is
smaller to reduce the danger of
buckling.)
Seatwork #1
2.) The average shear stress in each of
the 6-mm diameter bolts and along
each of the four shaded shear planes
is not allowed to exceed 80 MPa and
500 kPa, respectively. Determine the
maximum axial force P that can be
applied to the joint.
Seatwork #1
3.) The tubular tension member is
fabricated by welding a steel strip into
a 12 helix. The cross-sectional area of
the resulting tube is 2.75 in.2. If the
normal stress acting on the plane of
the weld is 12 ksi, determine (a) the
axial force P; and (b) the shear stress
acting on the plane of the weld
2.) If the turnbuckle is subjected to an
axial force of P = 900 lb, determine the
average normal stress developed in
section a–a and in each of the bolt
shanks at B and C. Each bolt shank
has a diameter of 0.5 in
• The links of the chain are made of
steel that has a working stress of 300
MPa in tension. If the chain is to
support the force P = 45 kN,
determine the smallest safe diameter
d of the links.
Thank You
End of Week 2
References
• Hibbeler, R. C. (2018). Mechanics of materials in SI Units (10th ed.). Harlow,
United Kingdom : Pearson Education
• Beer, F. P., Johnston, E. R. Jr.,DeWolf, J. T., and Mazurek, D. F. (2020).
Mechanics of materials. (8th ed.). New Yok, NY : McGraw-Hill Education.

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CE 205

Force over Area

Force per unit area; Unit Strength

𝝈=𝟎 . 𝟕𝟕𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝝈 𝑨 =𝟑𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂 , 𝝈 𝑩=𝟏𝟕 .𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂

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