IT l LIMU

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
BY : ASEEL MAMI
NO : 3259
 Define organization
structure ?

• A group of people that is structured and managed to meet its mission or set of group goals.

• Organizational structure refers to organizational subunits and the way they relate to the overall
organization. An organization’s structure depends on its goals and approach to management, and
can affect how it views and uses information systems. The types of organizational structures
typically include traditional, project, team, and virtual. Organizational structure can have a direct
impact on the organization’s information system.
 List types of organization
structure ?

• Traditional Organizational Structure

• Project and Team Organizational Structures
• flat organizational Structures
• Project and Team Organizational Structures
• Virtual Organizational Structure and Collaborative Work
 Identify value
chain ?

• A series (chain) of activities that an organization performs to transform inputs

into outputs in such a way that the value of the input is increased .

• supply chain : is a key value chain whose primary activities include inbound
logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service
 Define competitive
adventives ?
• Is an attribute that enables a company to outperform its competitors . this allows
a company to achieve superior margins compared to its competition and
generates value for the company and its shareholders …..

• A competitive advantage is a significant and (ideally) long-term benefit to a

company over its competition, and can result in higher-quality products, better
customer service, and lower costs. Establishing and maintaining a competitive
advantage is complex, but a company’s survival and prosperity depend on its
success in doing so. An organization often uses its information system to help
achieve a competitive advantage.
 Discuss the change process in
organization ?
• Organizational change deals with how organizations successfully plan for,
implement, and handle change. Change can be caused by internal factors, such as
those initiated by employees at all levels, or by external factors, such as those
wrought by competitors, stockholders, federal and state laws, community
regulations, natural disasters, and general economic conditions.

• organizational change: How for profit and nonprofit organizations plan for,
implement, and handle change
 Discuss different approaches to change such as innovation ,
reengineering etc ?
• continuous improvement :
• In contrast to reengineering, the idea of continuous improvement is a form of innovation that constantly
seeks ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services. This continual change
will increase customer satisfaction and loyalty and ensure long-term profitability.

• Reengineering :
• Reengineering, also called process redesign and business process reengineering (BPR), involves the
radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the
organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results. Successful reengineering can reduce delivery
time, increase product and service quality, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase revenues and
profitability

• Innovation is the application of new ideas to the products, processes, and activities of a firm, leading to
increased value. Innovation is the catalyst for the growth and success of any organization. It can build and
sustain profits, create new challenges for the competition, and provide added value for customers.
• Innovation and change are absolutely required in today’s highly competitive global environment; without
both, the organization is at risk of losing its competiveness and becoming obsolete.
 Discuss different approaches to change such as innovation ,
reengineering etc ?
• Outsourcing :
• Outsourcing is a long-term business arrangement in which a company contracts for services with
an outside organization that has expertise in providing a specific function. Organizations often
outsource a process so they can focus more closely on their core business—and target their
limited resources to meet strategic goals.

• Downsizing :
• Downsizing, a term frequently associated with outsourcing, involves reducing the number of
employees to cut costs.

• outshoring:
• is an outsourcing arrangement in which the organization providing the service is located in a
country different from the firm obtaining the services.
 Define the type roles , functions , and careers available in the field of
information system ?
• Chief Information Officer The role of the chief information officer (CIO) is to employ an IS
department’s equipment and personnel to help the organization attain its goals. CIOs also
understand the importance of finance, accounting, and return on investment. Senior IS Managers
• A large organization may have several people employed in senior IS manage levels with job titles
such as vice president of information systems, man of information systems, and chief technology
officer (CTO). A central role of all these people is to communicate with other areas of the
organization to determine changing business needs.
• Operations Roles :The operations group is responsible for the day-to-day running of IS hardware to
process the organization’s information systems workload Data center manager.
• Data center managers are responsible for the maintenance and operation of the organization’s
computing facilities that System operator. System operators run and maintain IS equipment. They
are responsible for efficiently starting, stopping, and correctly operating
• Information systems security analyst: IS security analysts are responsible for maintaining the
security and integrity of their organizations’ systems and data
• LAN administrator : Local area network (LAN) administrators set up and manage network hardware,
software, and security processes. They manage the addition of new users, software, and devices to
the network. They also isolate and fix operations problems
Define the type roles , functions , and careers available in the field
of information system ?
• Development Roles :The development group is responsible for implementing the new
information systems required to support the organization’s existing and future business
• needs.
• Software developer: These individuals are involved in writing the software that customers and
employees use. This includes testing and debugging the software as well as maintaining and
upgrading software after it is released for operation
• Systems analyst: Systems analysts frequently consult with management and users, and they
convey system requirements to software developers and network architects
• Programmer: Programmers convert a program design developed by a systems analyst or
software developer into one of many computer languages.
• To do this, they must write, debug, and test the program to ensure that it will operate in a way
that it will meet the users’ needs.
• Web developers: These professionals design and maintain Web sites, including site layout and
function, to meet the client’s requirements. The creative side of the job includes creating a
user-friendly design, ensuring easy navigation, organizing content, and integrating graphics and
audio
Define the type roles , functions , and careers available in the field
of information system ?
• Support
• The support group provides customer service for the employees,
customers, and business partners who rely on the firm’s information
systems and service to accomplish their work.
• Database administrator: Database administrators (DBAs) design and
setup databases to meet an organization’s needs. DBAs ensure that the
data Bases operate efficiently, and they perform fine
• tuning, upgrading, and testing modifications as needed
• System support specialist: These skilled specialists respond to telephone
calls, electronic mail, and other inquiries from computer users regarding
hardware, software, networking, or other IS-related problems or needs.
REFERENCE :Principles
of Information Systems, 13th_Book
URL