Introduction to

Data Warehouse
Architecture
A data warehouse is a centralized, integrated repository of data
that serves as the foundation for an organization's business
intelligence and decision-making processes. The data warehouse
architecture provides a structured and organized way to collect,
store, and analyze data from various sources, enabling
businesses to gain valuable insights and make informed
decisions. This introduction will provide a high-level overview of
the key components and principles of data warehouse
architecture, setting the stage for a deeper dive into the
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by Nimish
subsequent Bibave
sections.
Data Sources and Extraction
Data Identification 1
The first step in the data
warehouse architecture is to
identify the relevant data sources 2 Data Extraction
that will be used to populate the Once the data sources have been
warehouse. This includes both identified, the next step is to
internal and external data extract the relevant data from
sources, such as transactional these sources. This process
systems, customer relationship involves connecting to the various
management (CRM) tools, and data sources, retrieving the
third-party data providers. necessary data, and preparing it
Data Staging 3 for the transformation and
After extraction, the data is loading stages.
typically stored in a staging area,
where it can be further cleaned,
transformed, and prepared for
loading into the data warehouse.
This staging area serves as a
buffer between the source
systems and the target data
warehouse, ensuring data quality
and consistency.
Data Transformation and Loading
Data Transformation Data Loading Data Validation

The transformation After the data has been To ensure the quality and
process involves transformed, it is loaded reliability of the data in
converting the extracted into the data warehouse. the data warehouse, a
data into a format that is This process involves comprehensive data
suitable for storage and inserting the data into the validation process is
analysis in the data appropriate tables and performed. This may
warehouse. This may ensuring that the data include checks for data
include tasks such as data integrity and consistency completeness, data
cleansing, data are maintained. The data accuracy, and data
integration, data loading process may also consistency, as well as the
aggregation, and data include incremental or full identification and
normalization. data refreshes, depending resolution of any data
on the requirements of anomalies or issues.
the organization.
Data Warehouse Design Principles

1 Scalability 2 Performance
The data warehouse architecture The data warehouse should be
should be designed to accommodate optimized for fast query and
growing data volumes and increasing reporting performance, ensuring that
user demands. This may involve the users can quickly access and analyze
use of scalable hardware and the data they need. This may involve
software components, as well as the the use of specialized indexing
implementation of efficient data techniques, query optimization
storage and retrieval strategies. strategies, and advanced data
processing
Reliabilitytechnologies.
3 Flexibility 4
The data warehouse architecture The data warehouse should be
should be designed to be flexible and designed with a focus on data
adaptable, allowing for the reliability and recoverability, ensuring
integration of new data sources, the that the data is secure, accurate, and
modification of existing data models, available to users when needed. This
and the implementation of new may involve the implementation of
business requirements as they arise. robust backup and recovery
strategies, as well as the use of
redundant hardware and software
Dimensional Modeling Concepts
Fact Tables Dimension Tables
Fact tables are the central tables in a Dimension tables provide the context
dimensional model, containing the and descriptive information that allows
primary measures or metrics that are of users to analyze the data in the fact
interest to the business. These tables tables. These tables contain attributes
typically contain numerical data, such such as product details, customer
as sales figures, production quantities, information, date and time details, and
or financial transactions, and are other relevant metadata that helps
designed to support efficient querying users understand the data in a more
and analysis. meaningful way.

Hierarchies Star and Snowflake Schemas

Hierarchies are the logical groupings or Star and snowflake schemas are two
classifications within dimension tables, common dimensional modeling
which allow users to navigate and approaches used in data warehouse
analyze data at different levels of design. The star schema is a simpler,
granularity. For example, a time more denormalized model, while the
dimension might have hierarchies for snowflake schema is a more normalized
year, quarter, month, and day, enabling and complex model. The choice
users to view sales data at various between these approaches depends on
levels of detail. the specific requirements and trade-offs
of the data warehouse project.
Fact and Dimension Tables
Fact Tables Dimension Tables Relationships

Fact tables are the central Dimension tables provide The relationship between
tables in a dimensional the context and fact and dimension tables
model, containing the descriptive information is a key aspect of the
primary measures or that allows users to data warehouse design.
metrics that are of analyze the data in the Fact tables are typically
interest to the business. fact tables. These tables linked to dimension
These tables typically contain attributes such as tables through foreign
contain numerical data, product details, customer key relationships, which
such as sales figures, information, date and allow users to filter,
production quantities, or time details, and other group, and aggregate the
financial transactions, relevant metadata that data based on the
and are designed to helps users understand attributes available in the
Fact tables are often Dimension tables are These relationships
support efficient querying the data in a more dimension tables.
structured with a typically designed to be enable complex queries
and analysis. meaningful way.
combination of foreign denormalized, with a and analyses, allowing
keys that link to the focus on providing a clear users to explore the data
relevant dimension and intuitive structure for from multiple
tables, as well as the querying and reporting. perspectives and gain
numeric fact data. This This may involve the valuable insights into the
design allows users to inclusion of hierarchical business.
analyze the data at attributes, such as
different levels of detail product categories or
and granularity, based on geographic regions, to
the attributes available in support multi-level
Query and Reporting Capabilities

Ad-hoc Dashboards Advanced Security and

Querying and Analytics Access Control
Visualizations
Data warehouse Data warehouse Many data Data warehouse
architectures often architectures warehouse architectures must
support ad-hoc typically provide architectures are incorporate robust
querying, allowing advanced reporting designed to security and
users to explore and visualization support advanced access control
the data and capabilities, analytical measures to
generate custom enabling users to capabilities, such ensure the
reports based on create interactive as predictive confidentiality,
their specific dashboards and modeling, data integrity, and
needs. This reports that display mining, and availability of the
flexibility enables key performance statistical analysis. data. This may
users to uncover indicators, trends, These features involve user
insights and trends and insights in a allow organizations authentication,
that may not have clear and intuitive to uncover deeper role-based access
been anticipated way. These tools insights, identify permissions, and
during the initial help users quickly patterns and data masking or
design phase. understand and trends, and make obfuscation
Conclusion and Best Practices

Align with Iterative Data Ongoing

Business Development Governance Monitoring
Objectives and
Adopt an Implement
Maintenance
Ensure that the iterative and robust data Regularly
data warehouse agile governance monitor the
architecture is development policies and performance,
closely aligned approach, processes to usage, and
with the allowing for ensure the health of the
organization's continuous quality, security, data warehouse,
strategic goals refinement and and compliance and proactively
and objectives, improvement of of the data address any
providing the the data stored in the issues or
data and insights warehouse data warehouse, bottlenecks to
needed to architecture and to clearly ensure the
support informed based on user define the roles continued
decision-making. feedback and and reliability and
In conclusion, a well-designed and implemented data warehouse architecture is a critical
evolving responsibilities of effectiveness of
component of an organization's business intelligence and decision-making capabilities. By
business data stewards the system.
following best practices and continuously adapting to changing requirements, organizations
requirements. and
can leverage the power of their data to drive strategic insights, improve operational
stakeholders.
efficiency, and gain a competitive edge in the market.
THANK YOU SO MUCH !!!