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Lesson 3 Perpetuation of Life

Science

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18 views30 pages

Lesson 3 Perpetuation of Life

Science

Uploaded by

franciscomarkjustin03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2
Perpetuation of Life
Lesson 3
Asexual Reproduction
defined as the formation of new
individuals from the cells of a single
parent.
Asexual Reproduction
• This is very common in plants and is less
common in animals.
• Asexual reproduction does not involve the
union of gametes (sperm cell and egg cell)
and it does not change the number of
chromosomes present.
Asexual Reproduction
The resulting offspring is similar or identical
to the parent and without the need for a
mate, they are able to reproduce.
Types of asexual
reproduction in animals
Fragmentation
Pieces of the parent breaks off and
develops into a new animal
Fragmentation
• Fungi, lichens, molds, worms, sea
stars, acoel flatworms, blackworm
(Lumbriculus variegatus), and sponges
are some of the common examples where
the mode of reproduction occurs via
fragmentation.
Fragmentation
Binary fission
Process in which an organism divides
into two and grow into a new organism
Binary fission
Organisms like the amoeba, bacteria
(paramecium (Pamecium caudatum)) ,
bluegreen algae (cyanobacterium),
euglena, etc., exhibit binary fission.
Binary fission
Budding
Process outgrowth or callus projecting
from the parent and eventually buds
off
Budding
An example is a hydra (Hydra oligactis). From the
parent hydra, a bud arises which eventually
matures into a new hydra. Once it gets mature,
it detaches from the parent body.
Budding
Budding
Ex. yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Parthenogenesis
Mechanism of asexual reproduction in
which female offspring develops from
unfertilized eggs
Parthenogenesis
Examples of animals
• honey bee (Apis mellifera)
• aphids (Myzus persicae)
Transverse Fission
Fission that involves direct reproduction in which
each portion regenerates missing parts to
become a complete new animal depending on
the axis of separation
Transverse Fission
occur when an organism divides into two, leaving
one piece headless and the other tailless each
piece grows the missing body parts.
Transverse Fission
• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes):
• Some flatworms, such as species belonging to
the genus Dugesia, are known to reproduce
through a type of transverse fission. In these
organisms, the body splits into two sections, and
each section regenerates the missing parts to
form a complete individual.
Sexual Reproduction
the perpetuation of a new organism
from two organisms with the use of
gametes
Sexual Reproduction
In this process, male gametes which is the sperm
cell fuses with a female gamete known as the egg
cell to form a diploid cell called zygote
containing two sets of chromosomes.
Sexual Reproduction
During sexual reproduction, the genetic material
contained in their chromosomes combine to
produce genetically diverse offspring that are
different from both parents.
Sexual Reproduction
Most mammals and amphibians
reproduce through the method of
sexual reproduction.
Sexual Reproduction
• During sexual reproduction, a haploid sperm cell unites
with a haploid egg cell to form a diploid.
• In human the chromosomes of the sperm cell have
n=23 and the egg cell n= 23.
• After fertilization the combined egg cell and sperm cell
known as zygote, contain two set of chromosomes
2n=46.
• It later grows and develops to be offspring/child
Oviparous
animals lay their eggs, with little or no
other embryonic development within
the parent.
Oviparous
• turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate)
• eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)
• salmon (Salmo salar)
• frogs (Ran pipens)
• clownfish (Amphiprion ephippium
Viviparous
animals bring forth live young that
have developed inside the body of the
parent.
Viviparous

• giraffe (Giraffa camelopardis)


• monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
• human (Homo sapiens)
• bonobo (Pan paniscus)
• cattle (Bos taurus)

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