Digital Devices

and Connectivity
ICT 2
UNIT 1 – DIGITAL DEVICES
DIGITAL DEVICES

Discuss the following features of a

smartphone:
• Portability
• Performance
• Storage
• User Interface
• Connectivity
• Media Support
• Energy Consumption
• Expansion Capability
• Security Features
DIGITAL DEVICES

Name 5 examples of embedded devices

DIGITAL DEVICES

Name the basic parts of a computer and its

peripherals
DIGITAL DEVICES

Identify the input and output devices in

the digital device below
DIGITAL DEVICES

Advantages and disadvantages of a desktop computer against a laptop.

Components Portability Connectivity Cost Maintenance
Advantages:

Disadvantages:
DIGITAL DEVICES
SOFTWARE

Describe the following software

System Software Operating Systems Application Software

Programs that are designed to The OS allows the user to control

Apps allow users to produce a
maintain or operate the computer and manage the computer
digital product.
system. hardware.
SOFTWARE

System Software
(Designed to maintain or operate the computer system)

Backup Utilities

Defragmentation

a a a b b b b c c c

a 3 b 4 c 3

Formatting Compression
SOFTWARE

UtilityICT Book
Software
Page 42

Utility software is one form of system software, which carries out configuration and
maintenance tasks.

Compression Backup Defragmentation Anti-malware Formatting

Compression Backup utilities Disk Protects the Disk formatting
utilities reduce create a copy of defragmentation computer from prepares storage
the original size of files and utilities reorder malware and media such as a
a file or set of programs. the fragments of viruses. hard disk drive or
files. data so that they USB flash
are stored as close drive for its first
to each other as use.
possible.
SOFTWARE

Operating Systems
(The OS allows the user to
control and manage the
computer hardware either
directly or by using application
or software.)
SOFTWARE

Application Software
Allow users to produce a digital product.
SOFTWARE

Application Software
Allow users to produce a digital product.
Office Productivity Software
SOFTWARE
Application Software
Allow users to produce a digital product.

Home Automation

Control Application
SOFTWARE
Application Software
Allow users to produce a digital product.

Image and Graphics Editing Software

Bitmap (Raster) Images

• Digital Photographs Vector Graphics
• Drawings or Logos
Apps:
• GNU Image Apps:
Manipulation • Serif Affinity Designer
Program (GIMP) • Adobe Illustrator
• Adobe Photoshop
SOFTWARE
Application Software
Allow users to produce a digital product.

Features of video and editing software

Video Editing Audio Editing
Features Features
• Cut • Recording
• Split • Split
• Add music • Mix
• Add text • Noise reduction
• Add effects • Reverse
• Motion • Mute
• Cut
• Fade in
• Fade out
• Cross fade
SOFTWARE

Importance of Software Update

ICT Book Page 57

• Fixing security vulnerabilities

• Increasing compatibility with newer operating systems
• Improving performance and efficiency
• Introducing new features
• Improving usability
DIGITAL DEVICES

Processor
• It is made up of 1 or more CPU’s (Central Processing Unit).
• They process software instructions (Computer program).
• Each CPU is referred to as a core. (Ex. Quad-core processor)
• Processor speed is measured in clock cycles per second. (cycle/s = Hz)
Unit Abbreviation Clock Cycle per Second)
Hertz Hz 1
Kilohertz kHz 1,000
Megahertz MHz 1,000,000
Gigahertz GHZ 1,000,000,000
DIGITAL DEVICES

1. Research and then create a diagram to show the function of the CPU.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Computer Storage

Primary Storage Secondary Storage

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
• Non-volatile
• Stores data permanently
• Fixed storage

RAM (Random Access Memory)

• Volatile
• Stores the files you are working on.

Memory Card
ROM (Read-only Memory) • Non-volatile
• Non-volatile • Stores data permanently
• Stores instructions that cannot be • Removable device
changed.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Types of Storage Device

ICT Book Page 38

HDD SSD (Fastest Storage) Optical Disk

• Hard Disk Drive • Solid State Drive • Optical disk drives contain
• Contains hard disk media • Contains flash memory optical disk media.
• It has moving parts media • It can read Blu-ray, DVD
• Read/Write speed: Fast • No moving parts and CD media.
depending on some • Read/Write speed: Fastest • Read/Write speed: Slow
factors.

Computer Terms: Read – locating the file Write – Changing the file

Factors affecting hard drive performance:

1. Rate-per-minute (RPM) – Some hard drives have 5400 RPM and some have 7200 RPM.
2. Platters / Disks – a hard drive with 2 platters is slower compared to a hard drive with only one
platter.
3. Mechanical Process – hard drive with bad sectors due to age or because it is worn
mechanically is slower.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Basic Parts of
the Hard
Drive

Factors affecting hard drive performance:

1. Rate-per-minute (RPM) – Some hard drives have 5400 RPM and some have 7200 RPM.
2. Platters / Disks – a hard drive with 2 platters is slower compared to a hard drive with only one
platter.
3. Mechanical Process – hard drive with bad sectors due to age or because it is worn
mechanically is slower.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Storage can be internal or external

ICT Book Page 38

DIGITAL DEVICES

Comparing Types of Media

Hard Disk Flash Media Optical Media Magnetic Tape

Data Access Speed Fast Fastest Slow Slowest

Maximum Capacity 20 TB 30.72 TB CD 700 mb 185 TB
DVD 18 GB
Blu-ray 50 GB
Cost per GB High Very High Medium Low
Use Server, Personal Laptop, Mobile Multimedia, Backup Whole system
Computers, Backup devices, PC backup
Portability Not suitable Yes Not suitable Not suitable

ICT Book Page 40

DIGITAL DEVICES
DIGITAL DEVICES

Units of Storage Capacity (Binary)

Unit Symbol Equivalent to Binary Value Binary Size
other unit
byte B 8 bits 8 bits 1 Byte
kibibyte kB 1024 B 10241 Bytes 1 024 Bytes
Mebibyte MB 1024 kB 10242 Bytes 1 048 576 Bytes
Gibibyte GB 1024 MB 10243 Bytes 1 073 741 824 Bytes
Tebibyte TB 1024 GB 10244 Bytes 1 099 511 627 776 Bytes
DIGITAL DEVICES

Sample Problem
1. Construct an expression to show how many bits are in 4 MB.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Sample Problem
2. Construct an expression to show how many bits are in 2 GB.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Sample Problem
3. Construct an expression to show how many bits are in 128 GB.
DIGITAL DEVICES
DIGITAL DEVICES
Card Reader Magnetic Strip Programmable Chip RFID & NFC

Magnetic Strip Programmable Chip RFID / NFC

Card readers are used to read data stored on a card that is carried by a user. Cards can carry data using
The data can be used to: three methods:
• unlock doors
• access secure areas 1. Magnetic Strip
2. Programmable Chip
• make payments
3. RFID & NFC
• track people, parcels and even pet animals.
DIGITAL DEVICES
DIGITAL DEVICES
Card Reader Magnetic Strip Programmable Chip RFID & NFC

This is the least secure method as the data on the magnetic strip can easily be stolen by criminals
who put the card through a card reader without the card owner's knowledge.
DIGITAL DEVICES
DIGITAL DEVICES
Card Reader Magnetic Strip Programmable Chip RFID & NFC

Data on a programmable chip is only readable when a correct PIN is entered into the reader.
In 2005, the UK introduced the chip and PIN system, which reduced certain types of fraud by
67%.
 DIGITAL DEVICES
Card Reader Magnetic Strip Programmable Chip RFID & NFC

RFID is a short-range wireless communication method, and Near Field Communication

(NFC) is a branch of RFID.

RFID tags are cheap and small and they can be included in a variety of objects such as
cards, key fobs and smartphones.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Input Devices
An input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and
control signals to an information processing system, such as a
computer or information appliance.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Output Devices
An output device is a piece of hardware used to convert data
from the computer into human-perceptible form.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Input and Output Devices

DIGITAL DEVICES

Printers

Ink Jet printer

3D Printer Laser Printer Thermal Printer
This printer makes
Printer used to prints by spraying a Laser printers use toner It uses a specific heat-
produce three- pattern of ink powder instead of ink sensitive paper and they
dimensional objects droplets on the to produce prints in produce prints by
paper with the help both monochrome and pushing electrically
of a nozzle or jet. color. heated pins against the
paper.
DIGITAL DEVICES

Inkjet vs Laser Printer

UNIT 2 - CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY

Digital
Communic
ation
ICT Book Page 66
CONNECTIVITY

The Ways in which Digital Devices Communicate

ICT Book Page 70-76

Method of sharing data: Broadcast

Technology used: Radio waves
Use: Television shows, Radio stations

Method of sharing data: Wired

Technology used: Electrical Signal
Use: Networking, connecting peripherals

Method of sharing data: Wireless

Technology used: Radio Waves
Use: Networking, connecting peripherals

Method of sharing data: Satellite

Technology used: Radio waves
Use: GPS, Television shows, telephone,
military
CONNECTIVITY

Examples of Broadcast
Communication

Analogue TV and Radio Broadcasting Digital TV and Radio Broadcasting

• It process analogue signals only. • New standard in broadcast transmission
• Signal is affected by noise, signal • It can process both analogue and digital
interference, and degradation. signal
• Decoders and Set Top box are needed to
decode the received digital signal.
CONNECTIVITY

Examples of Satellite
Communication Devices
GPS (Global Positioning Satellite Phone
System) Devices

Military Global Command and Control System Satellite TV

CONNECTIVITY

Examples of Wireless
Communication

Thermal Scanner

Mobile Broadband (3G, 4G, and 5G) NFC (Near-field Communication)

CONNECTIVITY
Wireless Connectivity that can
be found in laptop and mobile
devices
• Wi-Fi
• Bluetooth
• GPS
• Mobile Broadband 3G
• Mobile Broadband 4G
• Mobile Broadband 5G
• Infrared (IR)
• Near-field Communication (NFC)

Are Bluetooth, GPS, and IR dependent to internet?

CONNECTIVITY

Network Communication

Wired Connectivity Wireless Connectivity

When two or more computers are connected, a network is created.

 CONNECTIVITY
How mobile
How do
phones
mobile phones
connect to
connect
the to the
network?
network?

SIM: Subscriber Identity Module

• Used to identify the subscriber
to a mobile phone network.
CONNECTIVITY

Wi-Fi
• Used in home and office networks.
• It uses the IEEE 802.11 standards for wireless communication. Each revision of the
technology improves the speed at which data is transferred and the distance at
which devices can connect and is represented by a letter or pair of letters at the
end.
• Example: IEEE 208.11a (This is the first version)

What devices/applications are dependent on WIFI

connectivity?
CONNECTIVITY

Bluetooth
• Bluetooth is a type of wireless connectivity that lets devices connect over short
distances. It cannot carry as much data as Wi-Fi.
• Bluetooth can be used to transfer small files between devices.

What devices/applications are dependent on Bluetooth

connectivity?
CONNECTIVITY

Comparing WIFI and Bluetooth

CONNECTIVITY

10 Gbps 50 Mbps

8 Mbps 64 kbps

Broadband
• 3G, 4G, and 5G are referred to as mobile broadband
• They are used to provide internet access to mobile devices
• G stands for generation

• Which broadband generation is the fastest?

• Which broadband generation is costly for consumers?
• What do you think is the next generation of this technology?
CONNECTIVITY

What are the four major types

of a network
4 Major types LAN WAN PAN Tethering
of a network (Local Area Network) (Wide Area Network) (Personal Area Network)
Examples Home network Internet Individual’s network Connecting a host
School network Ooredoo network like the connection phone that uses
Office network Vodafone network between the following: mobile broadband to
• Phone and other devices so that
smartwatch these devices can
• Phone and speakers connect to the
internet.
Through Bluetooth or
IR.
CONNECTIVITY

WAN vs. LAN

LAN: Local Area Network WAN: Wide Area Network

A LAN connects network A WAN spans a large
devices over a relatively physical distance. The
short distance. A internet is the largest WAN,
networked office building, spanning the Earth.
school, or home are
examples of LAN.
CONNECTIVITY

Networks
ICT Book Page 87
A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network contained to a small area, such as a home or office
network Computers in a network can be connected using one of two different models:
• Peer-to-peer – Computers share resources with each other without the use of a server.
• Client-to-server – A network that uses servers and client computers.

Peer-to-peer Network
Client-to-server Network
 CONNECTIVITY

Components of Wired and

Wireless
ISP (Internet Service Provider) Systems
ICT Book Pages 83

• Fiber Optic Cable: Transmits data

• Gateway: A gateway connects two
different types of network (LAN to
WAN).
• Modem: Converts digital data to a
Fiber Optic Cable
digital form.
• Router: Forward network traffic to
its destination using the quickest
route.
• Switch/Hub: Connects multiple
Router + Modem Switch or Hub + devices
(Gateway) Wireless Access point
• Wireless Access Point: Allows other
devices to connect using Wi-Fi.
CONNECTIVITY

Networks
ICT Book Page 89

Benefits of using Client-server Network

1. Control of user access rights: Users, or groups of users, can be

given access to some resources (such as storage or printers) and
restricted from accessing others.
2. Centralised administration: Resources and user accounts can be
managed by an individual, or individual group of servers and
administrators.
3. Centralised backup: User data is protected from loss because
backups can be automated for all users.
CONNECTIVITY

Networks
ICT Book Page 89

Benefits of using Client-server Network

4. Shared software: Application servers can provide access to

shared software.
5. Shared storage and file access: The amount of storage available
to users can be managed centrally. File permissions can be set
for individual files, folders or drives, allowing users to either read
only or read and write to different files.
6. Roaming profiles: This is the ability to log into any computer in an
office and see your settings and files.
CONNECTIVITY

Securing Data on Networks

ICT Book Page 92

When two or more computers or network devices are connected, a

network is created. A wireless network can be secured using the
following methods:

• WEP (Wireless Encryption Protocol)

• Less secure because it uses the same key for every transfer.
• WPA (Wireless Protected Access)
• More secure because it generates a new key for every device connected on
the network.
CONNECTIVITY

Belgravia WIFI Belgravia WIFI

belgravia7 Belgravia7@55

Which password do you think is more secure?