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    Anesthetic Equipment Electrocardiogram (ECG) : Dr. Ammar Hoom

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    alihaiderinad0
    Ecg medicine

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    Anesthetic Equipment Electrocardiogram (ECG) : Dr. Ammar Hoom

    Uploaded by

    alihaiderinad0
    5 views16 pages
    Ecg medicine

    Original Title

    ECG

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Ecg medicine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views16 pages

    Anesthetic Equipment Electrocardiogram (ECG) : Dr. Ammar Hoom

    Uploaded by

    alihaiderinad0
    Ecg medicine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    ‫جامعة بالد الرافدين‬

    ‫كلية التقنيات الصحية والطبية‬


    ‫قسم التخدير‬
    ‫المرحلة الثالثة‬

    ‫‪anesthetic equipment‬‬
    ‫)‪electrocardiogram (ECG‬‬

    ‫‪Dr. Ammar Hoom‬‬


    • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
    This monitors the electrical activity of the heart
    with electrical potentials of 0.5-2 mV at the skin
    surface. It is useful in determining the heart
    rate, ischemia, the presence of arrhythmias
    and conduction defects.
     The bipolar leads (I, II, III, AVR, AVL and
    AVF) measure voltage difference between
    two electrodes.
     The unipolar leads (V1-6) measure voltage at
    different electrodes relative to a zero point.
    Components
    1. Skin electrodes detect the electrical activity of the heart.
    Silver and silver chloride forms a stable electro combination.
    2. Color-coded cables to transmit the signal from electrodes
    to the monitor. All the cables of a particular set should have
    the same length to minimize the effect of electromagnetic
    interference.
    3. The ECG signal is then boosted using an amplifier. The
    amplifier covers a frequency range of 0.05-150 Hz. It also
    filters out some of the frequencies considered to be noise.
    The amplifier has ECG filters that are used to remove the
    noise/ artifacts from ECG and produce a clean signal.
    4. An Oscilloscope that displays the amplified ECG signal. A
    high-resolution monochrome of color monitor is used.
    Mechanism of action
    1. Proper attachment of ECG electrodes
    involves cleaning the skin, gently abrading the
    stratum corneum and ensuring adequate
    contact using conductive gel.
    2. Modern ECG monitors use multiple filters for
    signal processing. The filters used should be
    capable of removing the unwanted
    frequencies, leaving the signal intact. Two
    types of filters are used for this purpose: the
    high-pass filters and the low-pass filters.
    3. The ECG monitor can have two modes:
    a) the monitoring Mode has a limited frequency response to
    reduce environmental artifacts.
    b) The diagnostic mode has a wider frequency response
    allows the assessment of the ST segment, QRS morphology
    and tachyarrhythmia.
    4. There are many ECG electrode configurations. Usually
    during anesthesia, three skin electrodes are used (right
    arm, left arm and indifferent leads left leg). The three
    limb leads used include two that are active and one that is
    inactive (earth). Sometimes five electrodes are used. Lead
    II is ideal for detecting arrhythmias. CM5 configuration
    is able to detect 89% of ST-segment changes due to left
    ventricular ischemia.
    Problems in practice and safety
    features
    1. Incorrect placement of the ECG electrodes
    in relation to the heart is a common error,
    leading to false information.
    2. Electrical interference because of
    capacitance or inductive coupling effect. Any
    electrical device powered by AC can act as
    one plate of a capacitor and the patient acts as
    the other plate.
    3. Muscular activity, such as shivering, can
    produce artifacts.
    4. High and low ventricular rate alarms and an
    audible indicator of ventricular rate are standard
    on most designs. More advanced monitors have
    the facility to monitor the ST segment.
    5. Absence of or improperly positioned patient
    diathermy plate can cause burns at the site of
    ECG skin electrodes. This is because of the
    passage of the diathermy current via the
    electrodes causing a relatively high current
    density.

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