FP For Regular 2ND Year

FP FOR 2 YEAR REGULAR
ND
STUDENTS
PART ONE
BY BEZABIH T(MSC IN CM)

Learning objectives
At the end of this session, the students will be able

to:
 Define Family Planning (FP)
 Describe the rationale for FP
 Discuss benefits of FP
 Discuss the Challenges of FP programs
 List elements of successful FP programs
Brain Storming!
• Family??
• Planning??
• Family planning??
Family planning definitions
According to WHO (1971) ,
• A way of thinking and living that is
Adopted voluntarily upon the basis of knowledge,
attitudes and responsible decisions by individuals and
couples,
in order to promote the health and welfare of the
family group and thus contribute effectively to the
social development of a country.
CONT…
• Having the number of children they want…
• When they want them.
• It is not to control births, but to plan
pregnancies
• It is more than that of birth control
 Contraception : Prevention of conception

Concepts in the definition
1) Earlier Concept – Birth Control
 The voluntary limiting of human reproduction
using such means as
sexual abstinence,
contraception,
induced abortion, and surgical sterilization.
 It includes the spacing as well as the number of
children in a family.
2) Modern Concept- Family Welfare
 Comprehensive and basically related to quality of life
 Prevent unwanted pregnancy and have when needed.
 Deciding on number of children one wants to have.
 Deciding the interval between consecutive births.
 Plan to give birth when they want them.
 Matching the number of children with their economic
capacity.
fp…
• The couples Family Plan is achieved through
1. use of contraceptive methods and
2. the treatment of infertility
• Is one of the most important Public health
intervention areas
Why we want to deal about FP?
• Every day around the world thousands of
women become:
 Mothers
 Supporters and
 Care givers
Cont.…
• Every day >800 women die from preventable
causes related to pregnancy and child birth like;
–Unsafe abortion
–Infection/sepsis
–Hemorrhage
–Pre eclampsia & eclampsia
Cont.…
• In the globe, living million of families mother
less because of pregnancy and childbirth
related deaths
Cont…
• In the planet, >222 million women who wish
to plan for pregnancy, but they are unable to
control the timing and spacing for their
pregnancy.
Cont..
• Newborns die.
• Mothers die.
• Families become motherless.
• Population bombs
!Sound is hopeless, doesn‘t it?

Objectives of family planning
• Limit family size
• Adequately space children
• Reduce maternal and child morbidity and
mortality
• Reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infection
• Help infertile couples to bear children
Principles of Family Planning
• Individuals should decide freely the number
and spacing of their children.
• Individuals/couples have the right to
information and means to exercise their
choice.
• Women and men should have access to the
widest possible range of safe and effective FP.
• FP program should cater for all people who
may be sexually active.
• Improving the quality of care in FP
Rationales of FP programs
There are three basic rationales:

1. Demographic rationales,
2. Health rationales and
3. Human right rationales

1st . Demographic rationales
• main concern during the late 1960s & 70s

• Concern of high fertility rates and rapid
population growth.
• Helps to Improve living standards, hence,
– Less impact on economic productivity,
– investment,
– natural resources and the environment
2 . Health Rationale
nd
• Family planning is one of the four pillars of

the Safe Motherhood Initiative to reduce
maternal death in developing countries
• Emphasized in 1980s
Cont..
• Avert maternal death by 2/3.
• Reduce newborn death by ½.
unintended pregnancy by 2/3.

Health rationale…
• High rates of maternal, infant and child
mortality required attention
1. Avoiding the extremes of maternal age
(<15, >35 years)
Older=Malpresentations, uterine rupture,
hemorrhage, abnormal placenta
Young=Pregnancy induced hypertension,
obstructed labor…
Health rationale…
2. Decreasing risk by decreasing parity:-
 If all women had five births or fewer, the number of
maternal deaths could drop by 26 % worldwide
3. Preventing high risk pregnancies (previous
complications, chronic diseases, anemia…) reduce
maternal deaths by quarter
4. Reduce abortion risks “every child a wanted child”
5. Non contraceptive benefits (Protection against
STIs
and reproductive tract cancers)
3 . Human rights rationale
rd
• The most recent, 1990s

• Recognition to women‘s rights, principally
reproductive rights, and the reproductive health
of women and men.
• This rests on the belief that individuals and
couples have a right to control reproductive
decisions including family size and timing of
birth.
Advantages of Family Planning
• For women
– Avoid unwanted and high risk px
– Reduce morbidity and mortality
• Children
– Avoid morbidity and mortality
– Better feeding, Care, Clothing, Schooling
• Family
– Improves family well-being
– Better food, clothing, housing, living
• Nations
– Reduces youth dependency ratio
– Conservation of Natural resources
--Better Economic development
• World/Earth
– Low demands on natural resources
Range of Services to be offered In FP
Services
• Counseling
• Provision of FP methods (contraceptives)
• Screening for reproductive organ cancers
• Prevention, screening and management for
STIs including HIV
• Prevention and management of infertility
FP services delivery modalities
• Community based services

• Facility based services
• Social marketing services
• Outreach services
• Work place based services
• School based services
Elements of successful FP programs
1) Supportive Policies
2) Evidence-Based Programming
3) Strong Leadership and Good Management
4) Effective Communication Strategies
5) Contraceptive Security
6) High-Performing Staff
7) Client-Centered Care
8) Easy Access to Services
9) Affordable Services
10) Appropriate Integration of Services
Barriers to wider use of fertility regulation
The 4 main barriers to FP services are:

1. Potential users perception, concern, & fears
2. Poor quality of FP services,
3. Male dominance & opposition to some

contraceptive methods
4. Traditional and cultural taboos

Who is actually involved in FP
• FP is an issue for women, men and families
Family planning Service Eligibility
• Any reproductive age person, male or female
regardless of marital status is eligible for Family
Planning services including
– information, education,
– counseling and
– provision of contraceptives
Who will decide for FP service users?
• FP service is always Voluntary,
• Which means women and men chooses a FP
method based on their need or interest!
Group assignment
1. Trends of contraceptive use in Ethiopia
2. Historical developments of FP
3. A WHO Expert committee (1970) stated

modern family planning concepts

FP For Regular 2ND Year

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FP FOR 2 YEAR REGULAR

BY BEZABIH T(MSC IN CM)

At the end of this session, the students will be able

 Contraception : Prevention of conception

 Prevent unwanted pregnancy and have when needed.

 Deciding on number of children one wants to have.

 Deciding the interval between consecutive births.

 Plan to give birth when they want them.

 Matching the number of children with their economic

!Sound is hopeless, doesn‘t it?

There are three basic rationales:

2. Health rationales and

3. Human right rationales

• main concern during the late 1960s & 70s

• Family planning is one of the four pillars of

• Avert maternal death by 2/3.

• Reduce newborn death by ½.

unintended pregnancy by 2/3.

• The most recent, 1990s

• Community based services

The 4 main barriers to FP services are:

2. Poor quality of FP services,

3. Male dominance & opposition to some

4. Traditional and cultural taboos

1. Trends of contraceptive use in Ethiopia

3. A WHO Expert committee (1970) stated

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