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    Menstrualcycle 090614135948 Phpapp01

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    Savita Hanamsagar

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    Menstrualcycle 090614135948 Phpapp01

    Uploaded by

    Savita Hanamsagar
    3 views17 pages

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    menstrualcycle-090614135948-phpapp01

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3 views17 pages

    Menstrualcycle 090614135948 Phpapp01

    Uploaded by

    Savita Hanamsagar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    MENSTRUAL CYCLE

    MENSTRUATION
    • Periodic discharge of blood and cellular
    debris from the female genital tract is
    termed menstruation.
    • Cyclical changes occurring from one
    menstruation to the next comprises a
    menstrual cycle.
    • The duration of menstrual cycle is about 28
    ± 4 days.
    DEVELOPMENTOF
    FOLLICLE
    PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE

    PRIMARY FOLLICLE

    GRAFFIAN FOLLICLE

    MATURE FOLLICLE

    CORPUS LUTEUM
    Gametogenesis
    Primordial germ cell (2n)
    Mitosis

    Oogonia (2n)

    Primary oocyte (2n)


    I Meiosis

    Secondary oocyte (n)

    II Meiosis First polar body

    Ovum (n)
    Phases of menstruation

    1)Proliferative phase

    2)Secretory phase

    3)Menstrual phase
    MENSTRUAL PHASE
    • It lasts for about 3 – 5 days.
    • If the ovum is not fertilized, corpus luteum
    regresses from 24th day of the cycle.
    • This causes a decrease in estrogen and
    progesterone levels.
    • It results in shrinkage of endometrium, coiling
    and spasm of arteries leading to focal necrosis
    of the endometrium.
    • The necrosed endometrium is shed along with
    blood and other secretions.
    PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
    (follicular phase)
    • Proliferative phase starts at the end of menstrual
    phase. Its duration is about 10 days.
    • At the beginning of this phase most of the
    endometrium has been desquamated.
    • Later endometrium starts healing and then
    proliferates rapidly from 5th –14th day of
    menstrual cycle.
    PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
    (follicular phase)
    • This proliferation occurs under the influence of
    estrogen. There is growth of simple tubular glands
    and blood vessels.
    • Endometrium increases in thickness to about 3 –
    5mm.
    • The endometrial glands produce a thick mucus.
    • At the end of proliferative phase ovulation occurs.
    SECRETORY PHASE
    (luteal phase)
    • This phase lasts for about 14 days.
    • It starts after ovulation and extends upto the next
    menstrual phase.
    • Endometrium thickens upto 6 mm.
    • Glands become bigger, tortuous and filled with
    secretions.
    • Stromal cells proliferate, spiral arteries become more
    coiled and dilated.
    • This is caused due to the action of progesterone and
    estrogen on uterine endometrium
    Accelerated growth of follicle
    • More of estrogen is secreted into the follicle.
    • Stimulates granulosa cells to form increased
    number of FSH receptors
    • This makes granulosa cells more sensitive to FSH.
    • FSH and estrogen promote LH receptors on
    granulosa cell leading to rapid increase in
    follicular secretion.
    • Estrogen and LH cause proliferation of thecal
    cells and increase their secretion.
    LH surge and ovulation

    • LH surge
    • Release of follicular steroid hormone
    • Release of proteolytic enzyme and
    prostaglandin
    • Release of plasma into the follicle
    • Weakened wall of follicle
    • Degeneration of stigma + swelling of follicle
    • Rupture of follicle expulsion of ovum
    OTHER CHANGES
    BREAST
    VAGINA
    CERVIX
    BODY FLUIDS
    BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE

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