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Lesson 1

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46 views16 pages

Lesson 1

Uploaded by

bellezajemrose04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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READING IN

PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
GEC
2
Introduction to
History: Definition,
Issues,
and Sources

UNIT
1
UNIT 1

Lesson 1 Lesson 3
Meaning and Significance External and Internal
of History Criticism

Lesson 2
Primary vs Secondadry
Sources
Lesson 1 Meaning and Significance of
History

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand the meaning of history and historiography


• Explain how history is a discipline and a narrative
• Explain Positivism and Postcolonialism in history
• Reflect on the significance of history based on the role it has played in society
• Relate key concepts of the meaning and significance of history to real life
example
Introducti To be able to critically read Philippine
on history, one must first have a basic and
operational understanding of what
history is and why it exists as a social
science. What is History and what is its
significance to human existence?

These are the fundamental questions you


will be guided to answer in this lesson.
You will also be introduced to some conceptual
Introducti definitions of history, how it is both a discipline
on and a narrative, some schools of thought that
influence how it is viewed and written, and the
role it plays in human society. The tasks provided
in this lesson are designed to enable you to read
history through a critical frame of mind and
apply what you learned to your personal realities
and to the current state of the country.

In short, you as a learner should be able to


integrate history in your very own life.
History makes us feel connected with the
past. But how do we know if the stories we're
told about the past are true? How does it
affect the way we understand and live our
lives at the present? Why is history
significant to us? It is said that the present is
defined by the past. As such, the Philippines
and its people are what they are today
because of what happened in the past.
Learning about the past improves
understanding of the present; hence, studying
history is important. However, it is not a walk
in the park. There are several things you need
to consider while reading history—
particularly Philippine history.
The word "history" came from the Greek historia meaning "knowledge acquired
through inquiry or investigation." Later on it became known in classical Latin as
an "account of the past of a person or of a group through written documents
and historical evidences" (Candelaria & Alporha).

The following are different key concepts and defining aspects of history:

• The study of the past, particularly how it relates to humans. It is an umbrella term
that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection,
organization, presentation and interpretation of information about these events.

• A systematic account of the origin and development of humankind; a record of


the unique events and movements in its life

• Shares with literature, art, history of art, and other laboratories of the spirit and
the mind, a probing preoccupation with exploring the many hopes, wonders, fears,
and darker contradictions of the human condition
• The interpretative and imaginative study of surviving records of the past,
either written or unwritten, in order to determine the meaning and scope of
human existence.

• The study of the beliefs and desires, practices and institutions of human
beings.

• Recorded struggle of people for ever increasing freedom and for newer
and higher realizations of the human persons.

• Not just a chronology of events nor story of heroes and great men.

• Consists of the people’s effort to attain a better life. The people possess
the capacity to make history.

ry
Histo
Most civilizations keep written records.
Others pass their history from one
generation to another by word of mouth.
Some reflect it through paintings or woven
threads and beads. Some others had the
misfortune of having their histories wiped
out during conquests and wars.

When one civilization is conquered by


another, it is the victor that usually controls
the narrative.
History as a discipline. History is concerned
with the past--what happened then and what
caused these events. But it's not enough to read
the Who, What, When, Where, Why, and Wow
(basic facts) of a particular event described in a
historical record.

This is where historiography comes in.


Historiography is the study of history itself by
analyzing and understanding who wrote the
record; what methods, sources, and evidences
were used to write the record; and, what was the
context of the creation of the record.

Historiography, so to speak, is about critically


assessing history as it is presented. History is a
discipline which means it requires rigorous
scientific work to ensure objectivity and
truthfulness.
Between the18th and 19th century, POSITIVISM
as a school of thought emerged. Positivism requires
empirical and observable evidence before one can
claim that a particular knowledge is true. In other
words: "No document, no history." It also requires
objectivity and impartiality in the researching and
writing of history.

History as a narrative. History is written and


taught with a particular intention for a particular
group or audience. For example, Jose Rizal,
Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Pedro Paterno and other
ilustrados wrote history to educate the Spaniards
regarding the fact that Filipinos are not an
uncivilized race; rather, they are a people of culture
and intellect that deserve respect.
In the early 20th century, as formerly The role of history
colonized countries struggled to figure
out their identities and understand their History has played significant roles in the
societies against their colonial past, development and survival of the human
another school of thought, civilization. At some points it has united
POSTCOLONIALISM, emerged warring states and formed them into one
which seeks to: nation, resulting to peace, stability, and
(1) tell the history of nations such that progress. It has also been used to legitimize
their identities are free from colonial or destroy regimes and governments.
influences and History can also solidify a collective
identity among peoples through collective
(2) criticize the methods, effects and memory or inspire people to band together
idea of colonialism. It produces a under one purpose. It can also remind us of
reaction and an alternative to the history lessons from the past so we can avoid
that colonial powers had written and repeating the same mistakes while
taught to their subjects. continuing to do practices that proved to be
good for us.
We study history because it connects us to the
past, gives an insight to our collective
identity, and helps us move forward into the
future with lessons learned from it. The
study of history requires scientific
methodologies and rigor, which is why it is
considered a discipline. Yet, despite the
attempts at objectivity and impartiality in
writing history, it cannot be overlooked that
historical accounts were written for a
particular audience, subject to the author's
and the environment's context, issues,
influences, etc... Hence, history is also a
narrative.
The
End!

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