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Binomial Distribution

Binomial Distribution

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kramya
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48 views9 pages

Binomial Distribution

Binomial Distribution

Uploaded by

kramya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BINOMIAL

DISTRIBUTION
Dr K RAMYA
Assistant Professor
Department of Mathematics
Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science
Coimbatore
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

 Binomial distribution was given by Swiss mathematician


James Bernoulli (1654 – 1705) in 1700 and it was first
published in 1713. It is also known as Bernoulli
distribution.
 Binomial distribution is the probability distribution that is
discrete and applicable to events having only two possible
results in an experiment, either success or failure.
A binomial distribution is a type of probability
distribution that describes the number of successes in
a fixed number of independent trials, where each trial
has only two possible outcomes: success or failure. It’s
defined by two parameters:

n: The number of trials

p: The probability of success on each trial


Binomial Probability Formula

The probability of getting exactly k successes in n trials is given by:

Where

n = number of trials

x = number of success

p = probability of success

q = probability of failure
Assumptions of Binomial
Distribution
• n is fixed (number of trials).

• Each trial has only two outcomes (success or failure).

• Trials are independent of each other.

• Probability of success (p) remains constant across all


trials.

• The number of successes (X) is a discrete variable


between 0 and n.
Example 1
If a coin is tossed 5 times, find the probability of getting

(a) Exactly 2 heads

(b) At least 4 heads.

Solution:

Given: n = 5, p = ½, q = 1/4

(a) For exactly two heads:

P(x=2) = 5C2 p2 q5-2 = 5! / 2! 3! × (½)2× (½)3

P(x=2) = 5/16

(b) For at least four heads,

P(x ≥ 4) = P(x = 4) + P(x=5)

P(x = 4) = 5C4 p4 q5-4 = 5!/4! 1! × (½)4× (½)1 = 5/32

P(x = 5) = 5C5 p5 q5-5 = (½)5 = 1/32

P(x ≥ 4) = 5/32 + 1/32 = 6/32 = 3/16


Example 2
The probability that a person can achieve a target is 3/4. The count of tries
is 5. What is the probability that he will attain the target at least thrice?

Solution:

Given that, p = ¾, q = ¼, n = 5.

Using binomial distribution formula, we get P(X) = nCx · px (1 − p)n−x

Thus, the required probability is: P(X = 3) + P(X=4) + P(X=5)

= 5C3 · (¾)3 (¼ )2 + 5C4 · (¾)4 (¼ )1 +5C5 · (¾)5

= 459/512.

Therefore, the probability that the person will attain the target atleast
thrice is 459/512.
Example 3
If a coin is tossed 4 times. Find the probability that tail appears an odd numbers of times.

Solution:

X be the random variable that tails appear.

The formula to find the above probability is given by:

P (X = x) = nCx px qn-x

Here, n = 4, p = (1/2), q = 1 – p = 1/2, x = 1, 3 (odd times)

⇒ P (X = odd) = P(X = 1) + P(X = 3)

⇒ P (X = odd) = 3C1 (1/2)1 (1/2)3 – 1 + 3C3 (1/2)3 (1/2)3 – 3

⇒ P (X = odd) = 3(1/2)3 + (1/2)3

⇒ P (X = odd) = 4 / 8

⇒ P (X = odd) = 1/2
THANK YOU

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