Excretory System Powerpoint

The Excretory System
Biology Unit 1, Area of Study 2:

Plant and Animal Systems
Lesson overview
In this lesson we will be looking at:

• Nitrogenous wastes
• The functions of the excretory system
• The organs within the excretory system
• The urinary system
• The Kidney
• The Nephron
Learning Intentions
• I can discuss the types of nitrogenous wastes

• I can describe the excretory system, and its organs and tissue
• I can label the parts of the nephron and know of their functions
Keywords
The Excretory system
Nitrogenous wastes
Urea
Kidneys
Nephron
What is the
Activity 1: Functions ofexcretory system?
the Excretory system 5
min
In partners, discuss what you remember about the excretory system?
• What is the function?

• To filter the blood and remove waste and excess water.
• What are the parts?
• Renal artery/vein, Kidneys, Ureter, Bladder, Urethra.
• Most of the time we refer to the urinary system
as the excretory system there are other organs/organ
systems that are within it:
• Lungs (CO2 excretion)
• Liver (Blood filtration/detoxification)
• Skin (sweat based excretion)
1. What is excreted?
What goes into our bodies have to be used or

removed from the body.
Protein/amino acids cannot be stored (unlike

carbohydrates and lipids).
When amino acids build up in the body they

become toxic.
Deamination: the process of breaking down

amino acids, by removing the amino group.
This results in ammonia, this is a type of
nitrogenous waste
2. Nitrogenous Wastes
After deamination the nitrogenous waste is removed from the body there are
three possible forms it can take to be excreted from the body, depending on the
animals environment and water access.
Nitrogenous Toxicity Water Energy to Habitat Organisms

Waste amount produce
needed to
excrete
Ammonia Aquatic Animals with large amounts of water

available to them (fish).
Urea Land/Sea Animals that have access to some
water (Mammals, Turtles).
Uric Acid Dry Land Egg-laying animals that don’t have a
lot of access to water (lizards).
Activity 2: Organism’s Nitrogenous Wastes 10
min
In groups you will choose on of the animals on the benches.
You have to use your biological knowledge to determine:
• What is the most likely nitrogenous waste?

• How toxic is this waste to the animal?
• How much water does this animal need for excretion?
• How much energy is need for production of the nitrogenous
waste?
Activity 2: Organism’s Nitrogenous Wastes
Animal Nitrogenous waste Toxicity Water Requirement Energy Requirement
Spinifex Hopping
Mouse Urea
Blue Tongue Lizard

Uric Acid
Saltwater Crocodile
Ammonia
Ibis
Uric Acid
Red Kangaroo
Urea
Barramundi Ammonia
3. The Urinary System
The urinary system is the main part of

the excretory system
It is compose of 5 main organs/tissues

1. The renal artery/vein Transports the blood to the kidneys
2. The kidneys Filters the waste and water from the blood
3. The ureters Transport the waste and water to the bladder
4. The bladder Store the waste and water (urine) until excretion
5. The urethra Excretes the urine from the body
This is the order that waste will travel

through the system.
4. The Kidneys
Renal Capsule
The most functional organ of the urinary
system is the kidney. Corte
x
Medulla
Its role is to filter the blood to:
• Remove waste and excess water
• Reabsorb water, minerals, and nutrients Renal Artery
Renal Vein
Parts:
• Renal artery – Brings the blood into the
kidney
• Renal capsule – covers the outer surface
of the kidney
• Renal cortex – starts blood filtration
• Renal medulla – continues filtration,
sends waste through the ureter
• Ureter – Sends waste to the bladder
5. The Nephron
This is the tissue within the kidneys

responsible for filtration.
The nephron is positioned in the cortex and

medulla
There are 5 structures you need to know

about:
1. The Glomerulus/Bowman’s Capsule
2. Proximal Convoluted Tube
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal Convoluted Tube
5. The Collecting Duct
1: Throw
Activity 3: What isback
the to
excretory system?
organisation 5
min
Knowing what you know about the excretory system please state a possible
organisation for the system.
You need to state an:

• Organ System - Excretory/Urinary
• Organ - Kidneys
• Tissue - Nephron
• Cell - Nephron/kidney cell
5.1. The Nephron: The Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule
The blood enters through the renal artery.
The high pressure of the arteries in a small

space forces water and small molecules out
of the blood vessel into the bowman’s
capsule.
Everything forced out is called Primary

Filtrate.
Not everything in the primary filtrate is

waste, there is some minerals and nutrients
within it.
Filtration
5.2. The Nephron: The Proximal Convoluted Tube
The filtrate passes down into the proximal

convoluted tube.
Around 65% of water and ions are reabsorbed

(passive transport).
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed (active

transport) into the blood vessels (capillaries)
Ammonia and toxins are secreted into the

proximal convoluted tube (passive transport)
Some waste is reabsorbed back into the blood

(passive transport)
Reabsorption: Amino acids, glucose water and
minerals
Secretion: Toxins and ammonia
5.3. The Nephron: The Loop of Henle
The filtrate continues down into the Loop of

Henle
The ascending side is actively pumping minerals

(ions). This makes the tissues around the loop
hypotonic. The water cannot exit on this side as
the walls are impermeable to water.
In the descending side water begins to flow back

into the capillaries (passive transport).
Urea is secreted into the filtrate
Reabsorption: Water, minerals (ions)

Secretion: Urea
5.4. The Nephron: The Distal Convoluted Tube
Ions and some toxins are secreted from the

capillaries (active transport)
Water cannot passively diffused through this

section. The presence of ADH (antidiuretic
hormone) allows for move water to be
reabsorbed into the capillaries.
Reabsorption: Water (in the presence of ADH)

Secretion: Ions
5.5. The Nephron: The Collecting Duct
The filtrate then comes to the collecting duct,

this is the final opportunity to collect anything
from the filtrate before it goes into the ureter.
Ammonia, urea, toxins and ions can be secreted

if they haven’t already.
In the presence of ADH water can be reabsorbed

into the blood
Reabsorption: Water (in the presence of ADH)

Secretion: Ammonia, Urea, toxins, Ions
1: Kahoot
Activity 4: What is the excretory system?
https://create.kahoot.it/share/the-excretory-system/e8cfa526-f991-4fa6-8f70-ae34249b5c7e
Question 1: Label the Diagram
Question 2: Odd one out
Which of these organs are not within the excretory system?
A) Kidney B) Liver
C) Renal Vein D) Ureter
Question 3: Loop of Henle
The Loop of Henle is longer in animals that:
A) Have lots of water in their surroundings

B) Live in woodlands
C) Have little water in their surroundings
D) Live in rainforests
Question 4: Label the part
Question 5: Label the part

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The Excretory System

Biology Unit 1, Area of Study 2:

In this lesson we will be looking at:

• I can discuss the types of nitrogenous wastes

• What is the function?

What goes into our bodies have to be used or

Protein/amino acids cannot be stored (unlike

When amino acids build up in the body they

Deamination: the process of breaking down

Nitrogenous Toxicity Water Energy to Habitat Organisms

Ammonia Aquatic Animals with large amounts of water

You have to use your biological knowledge to determine:

• What is the most likely nitrogenous waste?

Animal Nitrogenous waste Toxicity Water Requirement Energy Requirement

Blue Tongue Lizard

The urinary system is the main part of

It is compose of 5 main organs/tissues

This is the order that waste will travel

This is the tissue within the kidneys

The nephron is positioned in the cortex and

There are 5 structures you need to know

You need to state an:

The blood enters through the renal artery.

The high pressure of the arteries in a small

Everything forced out is called Primary

Not everything in the primary filtrate is

The filtrate passes down into the proximal

Around 65% of water and ions are reabsorbed

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed (active

Ammonia and toxins are secreted into the

Some waste is reabsorbed back into the blood

The filtrate continues down into the Loop of

The ascending side is actively pumping minerals

In the descending side water begins to flow back

Urea is secreted into the filtrate

Reabsorption: Water, minerals (ions)

Ions and some toxins are secreted from the

Water cannot passively diffused through this

Reabsorption: Water (in the presence of ADH)

The filtrate then comes to the collecting duct,

Ammonia, urea, toxins and ions can be secreted

In the presence of ADH water can be reabsorbed

Reabsorption: Water (in the presence of ADH)

Which of these organs are not within the excretory system?

The Loop of Henle is longer in animals that:

A) Have lots of water in their surroundings

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