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State Space in AI With Examples

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20 views

State Space in AI With Examples

Uploaded by

gunda.pranavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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State Space in AI

with Examples
State space is a fundamental concept in artificial intelligence that
represents all possible configurations or states a system can be in.
It provides a structured way to model and explore problems,
enabling efficient problem-solving through search and optimization
techniques.

by Pranavi Abhilash
What is State Space?
1 Formal Definition 2 Modeling Problems
The set of all possible State space allows
states a system can complex problems to be
occupy, along with the represented as a graph or
legal transitions between tree structure, where
those states. nodes are states and
edges are actions or
transitions.

3 Problem Solving
Intelligent agents can use state space to systematically
explore possible solutions and find optimal paths through
the problem domain.
Representing State Space
Discrete State Space Continuous State Space Hybrid State Space

State space can be represented as State space can also be a A combination of discrete and
a finite set of distinct states, such continuous space, such as the continuous state variables,
as the positions on a chessboard. position and velocity of a robot in a allowing for more complex and
physical environment. realistic problem modeling.
Generating State Space
1 Exhaustive Generation
Systematically enumerating all possible states, often
used for small, well-defined problems.

2 Heuristic Generation
Generating states based on informed guesses or
domain-specific knowledge, used to explore larger
state spaces efficiently.

3 Incremental Generation
Building the state space step-by-step, starting from
an initial state and applying legal actions or
transitions.
Searching State Space
Uninformed Search Informed Search
Systematic exploration of Leveraging problem-specific
the state space without any knowledge or heuristics to
additional information, such guide the search, such as A*
as Breadth-First or Depth- or Greedy Best-First Search.
First Search.

Optimization Search Stochastic Search


Finding the optimal solution Introducing randomness to
by minimizing or explore the state space,
maximizing a cost function, such as Monte Carlo Tree
such as Dijkstra's Algorithm. Search or Simulated
Annealing.
Breadth-First Search

Queue-based
BFS explores the state space layer by layer, using a queue data structure to
manage the frontier of nodes to visit.

Exhaustive
BFS guarantees finding the shortest path to a goal state, if one exists, by
systematically exploring all possible paths.

Memory-intensive
BFS requires storing all visited nodes in memory, which can become a significant
challenge for large state spaces.
Depth-First Search
Stack-based
DFS explores the state space by following a single
path to the maximum depth, using a stack data
structure to manage the frontier.

Memory-efficient
DFS only stores the current path in memory, making it
more memory-efficient than BFS for large state
spaces.

No Guarantee
DFS does not guarantee finding the shortest path, as
it may get stuck in a long, unproductive path before
backtracking.
Applications of State Space in AI
Game Playing Chess, Go, Checkers, and other
strategic games can be modeled as
state spaces, allowing AI agents to
explore and find optimal moves.

Robotics State space representations are


crucial for autonomous robots to plan
their actions, navigate environments,
and solve complex tasks.

Planning AI planners use state space to model


problem domains and find sequences
of actions that achieve desired goals.

Decision Making State space allows AI systems to


evaluate different scenarios and
make informed decisions, such as in
medical diagnosis or financial
planning.

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