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Lecture 9 10

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18 views44 pages

Lecture 9 10

Uploaded by

adyasamohapatra5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Heat Transfer

CL 204
Lectures 9-10
Convection
Equations of Motion and Energy
Hydrodynamic-Thermal Boundary Layers
22/10/2024 1
Principles of Convection

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 2


Pipe Flow – Boundary layer

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 3


Bernoulli’s Theoem from Euler’s Eqn

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 4


Turbulent Boundary layer

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 5


Pipe Flow

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Boundary layer
Prandtl (1904) introduced the BL approximation
Not to scale

To scale

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 8


Swinging Cricket Ball

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 9


Reverse Swing

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 10


Reynolds Experiment

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 11


Characteristics

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Averaging

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 13


Mean Flow Equations

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Average Continuity

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Average Momentum

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Reynolds Stress Tensor

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 17


1st Law Thermo – Open System

Closed System

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1st Law Thermo – Open System

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1st Law Thermo – Open System

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Energy Balance

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Stagnation Properties

• Steady adiabatic flow through duct with no shaft/electrical work and no change in
elevation and potential energy
• Stagnation enthalpy remains constant during steady-flow
• If a fluid were brought to a complete stop (V2 = 0)
22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 22
1D – Isentropic Flow

V = -dP/dV

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Laminar BL – Flat Plate -
Mass

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Momentum

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 25


LBL

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 26


BL Thickness

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 27


BL Thickness

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Energy Equation

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Thermal BL

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Integral Form

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Thermal to Hydrodynamic
BL

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Re, Pr, Nu

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Fluid Friction: Reynolds Colburn Analogy

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22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 35
Turbulent Boundary layer

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 36


Velocity Profile

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Turbulent Heat Transfer

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Turbulent BL Thickness

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 39


Transition

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BL Thickness

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Heat Transfer - Laminar Tube Flow

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Turbulent Flow

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 43


Summary
• Flow over flat plates
• Boundary Layer
• Laminar to turbulent
• Establish the governing equations and boundary conditions
• Mass, momentum and energy balances
• Incompressible to compressible
• Constant temperature or constant heat flux
• Establish the flow regime as determined by the Reynolds number
• Select the appropriate equation
• Flow regime and fluid property restrictions
• Evaluate convection heat-transfer coefficient and/or heat transfer

22/10/2024 CL 204 – Heat Transfer 44

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