University Institute of Computing

Master of Computer Applications

Internet of Things (IoT)
Course Code: 23CAH-702

Designed By :
Dr. Kavita Jindal
Assistant Professor, ECE, UIC 1
 University Vision
To be globally recognized as a Centre of Excellence for Research, Innovation, Entrepreneurship and disseminating
knowledge by providing inspirational learning to produce professional leaders for serving the society.
 University Mission
M1: Providing world-class infrastructure, renowned academicians, and an ideal environment for Research,
Innovation, Consultancy, and Entrepreneurship relevant to society.

M2: Offering programs & courses in consonance with National policies for nation-building and meeting global
challenges.

M3: Designing Curriculum to match international standards, and needs of Industry, civil society, and for inculcation
of traits of Creative Thinking and Critical Analysis as well as Human and Ethical values.

M4: Ensuring students delight by meeting their aspirations through blended learning, corporate mentoring,
professional grooming, flexible curriculum, and a healthy atmosphere based on co-curricular and extra-curricular
activities.

M5: Creating a scientific, transparent, and objective examination/evaluation system to ensure an ideal certification.

M6: Establishing strategic relationships with leading National and International corporates and universities for
academic as well as research collaborations.

M7: Contributing for the creation of a healthy, vibrant, and sustainable society by involving in Institutional Social
Responsibility (ISR) activities like rural development, the welfare of senior citizens, women empowerment,
community service, health and hygiene awareness, and environmental protection
 Syllabus
1. Embedded
System
2. IOT UNIT 1
& Raspberry
Embedded Programming
Pi
3. Arduino
1.
Programming
1. Interfacing of Devices
2. Basic UNIT 2
Laws and
Interface Digital and Analog I/O Devices
Components
3. Various Sensor and
2. Devices

1. Embedded System
UNIT
Application 3 using
Application of Embedded systems
Arduino
3.
 Syllabus
Unit-1 Embedded Programming Contact Hours: 15
Embedded Systems
Chapter 1.1
Embedded system: Introduction to Microcontroller, Difference between microprocessor
and Microcontroller, Embedded System Characteristics & its examples, AVR
microcontroller: Types, Architecture Internal Architectural and Block diagram of
controller (-ATmega 328), Essential Peripheral circuits: Crystal Circuit, Power supply,
Oscillator Circuit.

Chapter 1.2 Introduction to IOT and Raspberry Pi

Trends in the Adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT), The Importance of the Internet
of Things (IoT) in Society, Introduction of Raspberry Pi, Pin Diagram of Raspberry,
Comparison of Arduino and Raspberry Pi
Chapter 1.3 Introduction to Arduino and Programming
Arduino: Birth, Open Source community: Features of Arduino, Functional pin details,
Diagram of Arduino UNO, Basic skeleton of Arduino programming, Function of
Arduino- Setup and Loop functions, variables, Constants and their scopes.
 Course Outlines
1. Characteristics of Embedded System
2. Introduction to Embedded systems
3. Examples of Embedded systems

6
 Learning Outcomes

After this lecture :

• Student will able to understand about Embedded systems

• Student will learn the various industrial revolutions.

• Student will able to differentiate between Embedded systems and IoT.

7
 Introduction
• An embedded system is a microprocessor-based system that is
incorporated into a device to monitor and control the functions of the
components of the device.
• They are used in many devices ranging from a microwave oven to a
nuclear reactor.
• An embedded system used in a device (for instance the embedded
system in the washing machine that is used to cycle through the various
states of the washing machine) is programmed by the designers of the
system and generally cannot be programmed by the end user.
 Introduction
• Embedded Systems tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of
Embedded System.
• Our Embedded System tutorial is designed for beginners and professionals.

• Embedded System is a system composed of hardware, application software

and real time operating system.
• It can be small independent system or large combinational system.
• Our Embedded System tutorial includes all topics of Embedded System
such as characteristics, designing, processors, microcontrollers, tools,
addressing modes, assembly language, interrupts, embedded c
programming, led blinking, serial communication, lcd programming,
keyboard programming, project implementation etc.
 Introduction

Examples: Dishwashers, stoves, videos, remote controls, toys, toasters, cell phones,
microwave ovens, automobiles (electric windows, ignitions, airbags, brakes,
suspensions)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
• Reliability
• They perform a single set of functions.
• Works in a time-constrained environment.
• Provide high performance and reliability.
• Mostly Embedded systems have low cost because they are mass-produced in
millions.
• Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a
general-purpose computer for multiple tasks.
COMPUTER & EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Computer system Embedded System

General Purpose: these are the computers we Specific Purpose: these perform single well
use them for performing a variety of everyday defined task which is custom built for system
tasks such as playing games, word processing, specific purposes such as process control,
scientific calculations, etc. automation, aeronautics, aviation etc

These are sets of systems which have a CPU Is a custom built collection of on board chips
and other peripherals, input output devices, which are put together to provide a functional
monitoring devices assembled with them. specific output
COMPUTER & EMBEDDED SYSTEM
They are very cumbersome machines such as These are hand held devices which are
work stations and mainframe computers. customized and have eased mobility.

They are not time critical in their operations In many of the case they have to be very time
critical responding to various real time
interrupts.
ATMEGA 328P

• The ATmega328 is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in the

Mega AVR family.
• It has modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC processor core.
• The ATmega328P is an 8-bit microcontroller from the AVR family, designed
by Atmel (now Microchip Technology).
• It's widely known for its usage in Arduino boards, specifically the Arduino
Uno.
Core Features

• CPU: 8-bit AVR RISC architecture.

• Clock Speed: Operates at up to 20 MHz.
• Memory:
• Flash: 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader)
• SRAM: 2 KB
• EEPROM: 1 KB
• I/O Pins: 23 programmable I/O lines.
• Timers: Three timers (two 8-bit, one 16-bit).
• ADC: 10-bit ADC with 6 or 8 channels.
• Communication Interfaces:
• UART: 1
• SPI: 1
• I2C: 1 (also known as TWI)
• PWM: 6 PWM outputs.
• Operating Voltage: 1.8V to 5.5V.
• Power Consumption: Low power consumption with various power-saving modes.
• Package Options: Available in multiple package types including PDIP, TQFP, and QFN.
Additional Features:

• Watchdog Timer: Programmable watchdog timer with a separate on-chip

oscillator.
• Analog Comparator: Internal analog comparator.
• Brown-out Detection: Configurable brown-out detection for safe
operation.
Usage

The ATmega328P is popular in embedded systems due to its balance of

power, performance, and flexibility. It is extensively used in hobbyist
projects, education, and industrial applications. Its integration in the Arduino
ecosystem makes it accessible for rapid prototyping and development.
Applications

• Arduino Development Boards

• DIY Electronics Projects
• Embedded Systems
• Consumer Electronics
• Industrial Automation
The ATmega328P's versatility, ease of use, and extensive community support
make it an ideal choice for both beginners and professionals in electronics
and embedded systems.
18
 Pin Diagram

1 Port B - PB0-PB7 = 8 Pins

2 Port C - PC0-PC6 = 7 Pins

3 Port D - PD0-PD7 = 8 Pins

4
VCC and GND
 Port B

1 D0-D7 = Digital Pins

2 PD0 –PD7 = 8 Digital Pins

3 Port D - PD0-PD7 = 8 Pins

 Port B

1 D8-D13 = Digital Pins

2 PB0 –PB5 = 6 Digital Pins

3 PB6-PB7 = Crystal Osc.

 Port C

1 C0-C6 = Analog Pins

2 PC0 –PC5 = 6 Analog Pins

3 PB6 = Reset Pin

Pin Explanations

23
I2C Communication

24
THANK YOU

Dr. KAVITA JINDAL