Python For Data Science

• What is data science.

• Data science is the domain of study that deals with vast
volumes of data using modern tools and techniques, to find
unseen patterns, derive meaningful information, and make
business decisions.
• Data science uses complex machine learning algorithms to
build predictive models.
• The data used for analysis can come from many different
sources and presented in various formats.
Python For Data Science
• In its most basic form, it is extracting valuable information or
insights from organized or unstructured data using business,
programming, and analysis skills.
• It is a field with many different components, including
arithmetic, statistics, computer science.
How Data science Operates.
• Data science goes through several stages which include.

• Problem statement.
• A problem statement is a clear and concise description of the
problem that needs to be solved.
• It's crucial to state or create your problem statement
accurately and distinctly.
• it defines the scope of the project and sets the direction for
the analysis.
• A well-defined problem statement will help data scientists to
focus on the relevant data, choose the appropriate methods,
and measure the success of the project.
 Problem statement
• Steps to creating a problem statement.

• Identify the problem.

• Define the scope.

• State the objective.

• Formulate the question.

• Review and refine.

 Data Collection:
• The next logical step after defining the problem statement is
to look for data that you might need for your model.
• Do thorough study and gather all the information you require.
Data can exist in both structured and unstructured forms.
• It could take many different shapes, including films,
spreadsheets, forms with codes, etc.
• You must compile all of these sources.
 Cleaning of Data:
• The goal of data cleaning is to eliminate duplicate, redundant,
and missing data from your collection.

• With the aid of programming in either Python or R, there are

numerous tools available to do this. It is entirely up to you
which one you select .
 Data analysis and
exploration:
• data structure analysis involves looking for hidden patterns,
• observing behaviors, displaying the impact of one variable
relative to others, and drawing conclusions.
•
With the aid of various graphs created with the use of libraries
and any programming language, we may explore the data.
• Matplotlib in Python .
• GGplo in R.
 Modeling Data:
• In this section you come up with a model that will allow you to
make accurate predictions in the future .
• Here, you must pick a solid algorithm that complements your
model the best.
• Here, you must pick a solid algorithm that complements your
model the best. There are numerous types of algorithms,
including SVMs (Support vector machines), clustering,
regression, and classification.
• You might use a machine learning algorithm as your model.

• Your model is trained using the train data, and it is then tested
using the test data.
 Implementation and
Optimisation
• optimization allows you to assess how well your model is
doing.
 Python for data science
• Python is a high level, open source, interpreted language that
offers a fantastic approach to object-oriented programming.

• Python has excellent capabilities for working with

mathematical, statistical, and scientific functions. It offers
excellent libraries for dealing with applications of data
science.
• Because of its simplicity and ease of use, Python is one of the
most popular programming languages in the scientific and
research sectors.
 Python for data science
• The Python language has the useful features listed below:
• it makes use of elegant syntax hence programs are simpler to
• read.
• The language is easy to learn, which makes it simple to get the
• application to run.
• The extensive common library and neighborhood support.
• Python's interactive mode makes it easy to test codes.
• Python makes it easy to add new modules that were created in
another compiled language, such as C++ or C, to the existing code.
• Python is a powerful language that may be integrated into other
programs to provide a customizable interface.
• Permits developers to use Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, UNIX, and
other operating systems to run their code.
 Python libraries frequently
used in data science.
• Numpy:
• offers mathematical functions to manage huge
dimension arrays .
• It offers numerous Array, Metrics, and linear
algebra methods and functions .
• Numerical Python is referred to as NumPy , It
offers many practical features for n-array and
matrix operations in Python.
• NumPy makes it simple to manipulate big
multidimensional arrays and matrices .
 Pandas
• It is the most widely used Python library for data manipulation
• and analysis.
• Pandas offer practical tools for working with vast amounts of
structured data. Pandas offer the simplest way to conduct
analysis.
• It offers extensive data structures and allows for the
• manipulation of time series data and numerical tables.
• Pandas is the ideal tool for handling data.
• Pandas is made to make data manipulation, aggregation, and
visualization rapid and simple.
 Matplotlib
• Matplotlib offers a number of ways to visualize data more
successfully. Making line graphs, pie charts, histograms, and
other expert-level graphics is made simple with Matplotlib.

• The interactive tools in Matplotlib include zooming, planning,

and storing the Graph in a graphical format.
 Scipy
• Scipy offers excellent capability for computer programming
and scientific mathematics.
• SciPy has sub-modules for common tasks in science and
engineering such optimization, linear algebra, integration,
interpolation, special functions, FFT, signal and image
processing, ODE solvers, and Statmodel.
 Python syntax
• Python indentation.
• Indentation refers to the spaces at the beginning of a code
line.
• Where in other programming languages the indentation in
code is for readability only, the indentation in Python is very
important.
• Python uses indentation to indicate a block of code.
• Example.
if 5 > 2:
• print("Five is greater than two!")
 Python syntax
• Python Variables.
• The tеrm 'vаrіаblеѕ' rеfеr tо thе mеmоrу lосаtіоnѕ thаt аrе
rеѕеrvеd juѕt fоr thе рurроѕе оf ѕtоrіng vаluеѕ.
• In саѕе оf Руthоn, оnе doeѕ nоt nееd tо аnnоunсе thе
vаrіаblеѕ еvеn bеfоrе mаkіng uѕе оf thеm оr еvеn аnnоunсіng
thеіr tуре.
• А vаriаble іѕ lіkе а соntаіnеr thаt ѕtоrеѕ vаluеѕ thаt уоu саn
ассеѕѕ or сhаngе.
• It іѕ а wау оf роіntіng tо а mеmоrу lосаtіоn uѕеd bу а
рrоgrаm. Yоu саn uѕе vаrіаblеѕ tо іnѕtruсt thе соmрutеr tо
ѕаvе оr rеtrіеvе dаtа tо аnd frоm thіѕ mеmоrу lосаtіоn.
 Python variable
• Example of variable in python
• x=5
• y = "Hello, World!“

• x=5
• y = "John"
• print(x)
• print(y)
 Python variable.
• Casting.
• x = str(3) # x will be '3'
• y = int(3) # y will be 3
• z = float(3) # z will be 3.0

• string variables can be declared either by using single or

double quotes:

• x = "John"
# is the same as
x = 'John'