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Primary VS Secondary Sources

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17 views10 pages

Primary VS Secondary Sources

Uploaded by

jethrosagadbuhay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Primary vs.

Secondary
Sources
When you do research, you have to gather
information and evidence from a variety of
sources.

--Primary sources provide raw information


and first-hand evidence. Examples include
interview transcripts, statistical data, and
works of art. Primary research gives you
direct access to the subject of your
research.
--Secondary sources provide second-hand
information and commentary from other
researchers. Examples include journal
articles, reviews, and academic books.
Thus, secondary research describes,
interprets, or synthesizes primary sources.
Primary sources are more credible as
evidence, but good research uses both
primary and secondary sources.
What is a primary source?
A primary source is anything that gives you direct evidence about the people,
events, or phenomena that you are researching. Primary sources will usually be
the main objects of your analysis.

If you are researching the past, you cannot directly access it yourself, so you
need primary sources that were produced at the time by participants or
witnesses (e.g. letters, photographs, newspapers).

If you are researching something current, your primary sources can either be
qualitative or quantitative data that you collect yourself (e.g. through
interviews, surveys, experiments) or sources produced by people directly
involved in the topic (e.g. official documents or media texts).
Research field Primary source
History •Letters and diaries
•Photographs and video footage
•Official documents and records
•Physical objects
Art and literature •Novels and poems
•Paintings and art installations
•Films and performances
Communication and social studies •Interview transcripts
•Recordings of speeches
•Newspapers and magazines
•Social media posts
Law and politics •Court records
•Legal texts
•Government documents
Sciences •Empirical studies
•Statistical data
What is a secondary source?
A secondary source is anything that describes, interprets, evaluates, or
analyzes information from primary sources. Common examples include:

Books, articles and documentaries that synthesize information on a


topic
Synopses and descriptions of artistic works
Encyclopedias and textbooks that summarize information and ideas
Reviews and essays that evaluate or interpret something
When you cite a secondary source, it’s usually not to analyze it directly.
Instead, you’ll probably test its arguments against new evidence or use
its ideas to help formulate your own.
Primary and secondary source examples
Primary source Secondary source
Novel Article analyzing the novel

Painting Exhibition catalog explaining the painting

Letters and diaries written by a historical figure Biography of the historical figure

Essay by a philosopher Textbook summarizing the philosopher’s ideas

Photographs of a historical event Documentary about the historical event

Government documents about a new policy Newspaper article about the new policy

Music recordings Academic book about the musical style

Results of an opinion poll Blog post interpreting the results of the poll

Empirical study Literature review that cites the study


Examples of sources that can be primary or secondary
>A secondary source can become a primary source depending on your
research question. If the person, context, or technique that produced the
source is the main focus of your research, it becomes a primary source.
Documentaries
>If you are researching the causes of World War II, a recent documentary
about the war is a secondary source. But if you are researching the
filmmaking techniques used in historical documentaries, the documentary
is a primary source.
Reviews and essays
>If your paper is about the novels of Toni Morrison, a magazine review of
one of her novels is a secondary source. But if your paper is about the
critical reception of Toni Morrison’s work, the review is a primary source.
Newspaper articles
>If your aim is to analyze the government’s economic policy, a newspaper
article about a new policy is a secondary source. But if your aim is to
analyze media coverage of economic issues, the newspaper article is
a primary source.
How to tell if a source is primary or secondary
- To determine if something can be used as a primary or
secondary source in your research, there are some simple
questions you can ask yourself:
• Does this source come from someone directly involved in the
events I’m studying (primary) or from another researcher
(secondary)?
• Am I interested in evaluating the source itself (primary) or only
using it for background information (secondary)?
• Does the source provide original information (primary) or does it
comment upon information from other sources (secondary)?
Ref:
https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/primary-and-secondary-sources/
Additional Info.
Kabanata 1
Ang Suliranin
-Panimula
-Paglalahad ng Suliranin
-Saklaw at Delimitasyon
-Kahalagahan ng Pag-aaral
-Tala
Kabanata 2
-Kaugnay na Literatura
-Kaugnay na Pag-aaral
-Lagom ng Sining
-Gap ng Pag-aaral
-Balangkas Teoretikal
-Balangkas Konseptwal
-Katuturan ng Talakay
-Tala

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