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Critical Thinking

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45 views39 pages

Critical Thinking

Uploaded by

shellbet011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CRITICAL THINKING

BY GRACE GATHAIYA KIBANYA


Objectives
 By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-

 To explain what is critical thinking.


 To classify types of thinking
 To describe Critical Thinking Standards
 To demonstrate understanding of benefits of Critical
Thinking
 To identify barriers to Critical Thinking
 To demonstrate understanding of Characteristic of
Critical Thinker
DEFINITIONS

 Thinking-Thinking is purposeful,
organised process that we use to make
sense of the world.
.Types of thinking:
 Both types of thinking aim at problem
solving and decision making. They include:
 Creative thinking – it entails coming up
with ideas.
 Criticalthinking is a way of deciding
whether a claim is true, partially true, or
false.
.
 Critical thinking – it entails; ❖Analysing
❖Evaluating ❖Reasoning
 It is the ability to think in an organized and
rational manner, understanding logical
connection between ideas and facts. It
involves a wide range of thinking skills.
.
 Reflective thinking is a process of reflecting
on ones emotions, feelings, experiences
reactions and knowledge, creating
connection between them. It is part of
critical thinking.
Lets think!!!
This is an old quiz (hope you remember the ans)
developed by Anderson Consulting Worldwide. Answer
each question in order.
 ➢ How do you put a giraffe into a refrigerator?
 ➢ How do you put an elephant into a refrigerator?
 ➢ The Lion King is hosting an animal conference. All
the animals attend ... except one. Which animal
does not attend?
 ➢ There is a river you must cross but it is used by
crocodiles, and you do not have a boat. How do you
manage it?
.How do you put a giraffe into your refrigerator?
 Open the refrigerator, put in the giraffe, and close the
door.
 This question tests whether you tend to do simple
things in an overly complicated way.
How do you put an elephant into your refrigerator?
 Did you say, Open the refrigerator, put in the elephant,
and close the refrigerator? Wrong answer.
 Correct answer: Open the refrigerator, take out the
giraffe, put in the elephant and close the door.
 This tests your ability to think through the
repercussions of your previous actions.
. The Lion King is hosting an animal conference.
All the animals attend - except one. Which
animal does not attend?
 Correct Answer: The elephant. The elephant is in the
refrigerator. You just put him in there.
 This tests your memory. Okay, even if you did not
answer the first three questions correctly, you still
have one more chance to show your true abilities.
.There is a river you must cross but it is used by
crocodiles, and you do not have a boat. How do
you manage it?
 Correct Answer: You jump into the river and swim
across. Have you not been listening? All the
crocodiles are attending the animal conference.
 This tests whether you learn quickly from your
mistakes.
.
 InCritical Thinking - gather and assess
information in a logical balance and way to
reach conclusions justified by reasoned
argument based on available evidence
Critical thinking is general term given to a wide range
.of cognitive and intellectual skills needed to:
➢Effectively identify, analyze and evaluate arguments.
➢Discover and overcome personal prejudices and
biases.
➢Formulate and present convincing reasons in support
of conclusions.
Make reasonable, intelligent decisions about what to
believe and what to do.
Note: Critical thinking is a skill so fortunately for us
we can enhance it through practice.
Critical Thinking Standards
Critical Thinking Standards are Universal intellectual
standards which must be applied to thinking. To think
critically requires having command of these standards
 ❏ CLARITY
 ❏ ACCURACY
 ❏ PRECISION
 ❏ RELEVANCE
 ❏ DEPTH
 ❏ BREADTH
 ❏ LOGIC
 ❏ FAIRNESS
1. Clarity

 Clarity
is the gateway standard. If a
statement is unclear, we cannot determine
whether it is accurate or relevant.
 Infact, we cannot tell anything about it
because we don't yet know what it is saying.
.

 .
2. Accuracy

A statement can be clear but not accurate.


3. Precision

A statement can be both clear and accurate,


but not precise.
4. Relevance

A statement can be clear, accurate and


precise, but not relevant to the question at
issue.
5. Depth

 A statement can be clear, accurate, precise and


relevant, but superficial.
6. Breadth

A line of reasoning may be clear, accurate,


precise, relevant and deep, but still ignore
another side of the argument.
7. Logic

 Whenthe combination of thoughts are


mutually supporting and make sense in
combination, the thinking is "logical."
8. Fairness

 We do not naturally consider the rights and


needs of others on the same plane with their
own rights and needs, but to be a good
thinker you should apply “Fairness” in your
thinking.
Benefits of Critical Thinking
 At Work - As more and more employers are
looking for employees not with specialized
academic skills but with good thinking and
communications skills, who can
❏ Learn quickly and solve problems.
 ❏ Shows creativity.
❏ Gathers and analyze the issue
meaningfully. This has become vital skill for
any professional
…
Daily life
❏ Helps us avoid making foolish decision.
❏ Helps us become a good citizen capable of
making good decisions on important social,
political and economic issues.
❏ Helps us in developing good thinking skill
capable of examining our own assumptions.
Principles of Critical Thinking
 1. Gather complete information.

 2. Understand and define all terms.

 3. Question the methods by which the facts are derived.

 4. Question the conclusions.

 5. Look for hidden assumptions and biases.

 6. Question the source of facts.


.
 7. Don’t expect all of the answers.

 8. Examine the big picture.

 9. Examine multiple cause and effect.

 10. Watch for thought stoppers.

 11. Understand your own biases and values.


.
 Characteristic of Critical Thinker Critical Thinker….
 ➢Are honest with themselves.
 ➢Regard problems and controversial issues as
exciting challenges.
 ➢Strive for understanding, keep curiosity alive
remain patient with complexity.
.
 ➢Base judgments on evidence rather than personal
preferences.
 ➢Are interested in other people's ideas and so are
willing to read and listen attentively.
 ➢Practice fair mindedness, and seek a balance view.
 ➢Practice restraint, controlling their feelings rather
than being controlled by them.
summary

 What is Critical thinking?

 How does critical thinking apply in our nursing


practise?
References

 Edward M. Glaser. "Defining Critical Thinking". The


International Center for the Assessment of Higher
Order Thinking (ICAT, US)/Critical Thinking
Community. Retrieved 22 March 2017

 Clarke, John (2019). Critical Dialogues: Thinking


Together in Turbulent Times. Bristol: Policy Press.
p. 6
THE END

 QUESTIONS??
THANK YOU!!

 .

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