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1.2 Memory, Storage and Binary

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32 views15 pages

1.2 Memory, Storage and Binary

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peterjones.mdx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DENARY

The denary number system (also known as decimal)


uses 10 symbols (0-9) to represent numbers. It is a
base-10 number system.

Humans use it because we have 10 fingers.


BINARY
Computers don’t have
fingers, they have
circuits. These circuits can
be in one of two states,
on or off. So they use a
base-2 number system.

On = 1
Off = 0
TRANSISTORS
Transistors are switches
that are used in digital
circuits, in their off state
they represent a 0 and in
their on state they
represent a 1. Computers
use combinations of
millions or even billions of
transistors to carry out
instructions.
ACTIVITY 6
Use internet research to help you complete this table:

Question Answer

Why do computers
use binary?

What are
transistors and
how are they used
in digital circuits?
BINARY

Each digit in binary is called a bit.

Most computers store bits of data in memory in groups


of eight. Eight bits stored at one location is called a
byte. Sometimes it is useful to work on just half a byte.
Half a byte is called a nibble.

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

bit bit bit bit bit bit bit bit

nibble nibble

byte
COUNTING IN BINARY
We need 8 volunteers to sit at the front in row facing
the class.

Each place in a binary number has a value. These go


up in multiples of 2.

12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8

Sitting = 0 Standing = 1
COUNTING IN BINARY
This is how we represent the number 1 in binary.

Who needs to stand up?

12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8

0 0 0 0 0 0
COUNTING IN BINARY
This is how we represent the number 2 in binary.

Who needs to sit down?

Who needs to stand up?

12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8

0 0 0 0 0 0
COUNTING IN BINARY
How do we represent these numbers in binary:
65 92 21 129 254
255 58 5 17 72
63 7 167 150 256

12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
8
DENARY TO BINARY

65
Start by writing out the place values.

0 12
8 1
64 32
0 0 0
16 8 4 2
0 1

0 1
Then write 1s underneath the place values that add up
to the denary number.
As a class convert these numbers from denary to
binary:
a. 3 b. 46 c. 76
BINARY TO DENARY
Start by writing the place values above each bit.

12 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 0 1 0 0
8

0 1
Then write out the place values of the 1s.

64 16
+ 1+ =
81
Finally add the numbers together.
As a class convert these numbers from binary to
denary:
a. 01110010 b. 01011010 c. 10100011
Activity 7 – Binary to Denary
Complete these binary to denary conversions:

Binary 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Denary


a. 00111
b. 1100111
c. 100001
d. 10000001
e. 10001
f. 010101
g. 1110000
h. 10101010
i. 100011
j. 100
k. 11101011
l. 00010111
m. 11011011
n. 00100101
o. 11011110
p. 11111111
Activity 8
Play Binary Bingo using the Python code to generate the bingo numbers:
Activity 9 – Denary to Binary
Complete these denary to binary conversions:

Denary 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Binary


a. 56
b. 180
c. 34
d. 20
e. 201
f. 95
g. 63
h. 32
i. 96
j. 245
k. 17
l. 171
m. 197
n. 63
o. 127
p. 255
Activity 10
Try the Binary Tetris game:

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