Scribd
Upload
55 views25 pages

Solvent Extraction

Uploaded by

tiwariakash7809
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views25 pages

Solvent Extraction

Uploaded by

tiwariakash7809
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Solvent Extraction

Presented by: Akash Tiwari


Scholar no. 211119014
Solvent Extraction

• Solvent Extraction, also known as liquid-liquid


extraction, is a method to separate compounds based on
their relative solubilities in two different immiscible
liquids, usually water and an organic solvent.
Continue..
• SolventExtraction consists of transferring
one (or more) solute(s) contained in a feed
solution to another immiscible liquid
(solvent).
• The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is
called Extract & the feed solution that is
depleted of solute(s) is called Raffinate.
Solvent Extraction as a part of
hydrometallurgy
Types of Solvent Extraction
• Solvating Extraction
• Cationic Exchange
• Anionic Exchange
• Chelating Extraction
Solvent used in S.E
• i) Tri Butyl Phosphate (TBP)
• ii) Tri Octyl Phosphine Oxide(TOPO)
• iii) Methyl Iso Butyl (etones(MIBK))

Application of S.E
Extraction/Separation of Lead , Zinc , Uranium,
Iron , Cadmium, Hafnium , Zirconium & Plutonium.
Cationic Exchange
• Solvent Used
• i) Di-2- ethylhexy Phosphoric Acid (D2EHPA)
• ii) Napthenic Acid
• iii) Versatic Acid

• Application:
• Extraction/
Separation of Copper, Zinc,
Nickel, Coballt, Silver
Anionic Exchange
• Solvent used:
• i) Primary Amines(RHN2)
• ii) Secondry Amines (R2 NH)
• iii) Tertiary Amines(R3N)

• Application:
• Extraction
/ Sepration of Uranium, Thorium,
Vanadium, Cobalt.
Chelating Extraction
• Solvent used:
• i) Lix63, Lix65
• ii) Kelex 100

• Application:
• Extraction/ Separation of Copper, Nickel, cobalt.
Two Basic Steps of S.E
• Extraction:

• Stripping
Solvent Etraction of Uranium
Distribution Coefficient
• Ata certain temperature, the ratio of
concentration of a solute in each of the
solvent is always constant.
• This
ratio is known as the Distribution
Coefficient
Diagramatic representation of
equilibrium
Extraction Equilibria
• For Chelating Reagent, HR , the extraction reaction
for a metal ion Mn+ can be represented as:

• The Extraction Constant(K) is Given by:

• The Extraction Constant Ccan also be represented


as:
Extraction Coefficient
• It
indicates how much of the metal will move
from the aqeous phase to the organic phase
in a single contact.
• Effective
extraction coefficient (E) can be
expressed as:
Single Stage Vs Multistage
• Single stage S.E
• Single stage process is commonly followed in
laboratory scale.
• Contacting is carried out by taking two phase
together in a separating funnel followed by vigorous
agitation so that the phases may disperse in each
other as fine droplets. Ceasing the agiation lead to
the separation of two phases in two distinct layers.
Multi stage Counter Current S.E.
For extraction of metals on Industrial scale, multi
stage counter current solvent extraction process is
followed.
The aqueous raffinate from one extraction unit is
fed to the next unit as the aqueous fed, while the
organic solvent flows in the opposite direction,
thereby picking up more metal ions in successive
contacts.
Dividing the organic phase into small parts and
making multiple contacts is the the most efficient
way of extracting.
Multisatge Counter- Current S.E
Key points for selection of organic
solvent
• High Extraction capacity
• Selectivity
• Easily Stripped
• Immiscible in aqueous phase
• Sufficient density difference with the aq. Phase
• Low viscosity
• Non toxic
• Non explosive
• Cheap
Diluents for S.E
• Diluent is required for dissolving the organic extractant
so tha t its physical properties like viscosity and density
become more favourable for better mixing of two phase
and their separation.
• Aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons or a combination of
both are used as diluent.
• Diluent affects the extraction, scrubbing, Stripping and
phase sepraration process quite significantly.
• Examples of some common diluents:
• Kerosene , Benzene, Chlooroform, Xylene, Naptha,
Toluene
Equipments for solvent extraction
• Mixer Settler
Equipments for Solvent Extraction
• Column contractor
Centrifugal factor
Application:
• Todaythe process of solvent extraction is
widely applied for in miscellaneous fields of
science and Technology.
• Analytical Chemistry
• Extractionof Rare-Earth & PGM, Waste water
management , Mineral oil treatment, food
industry(essential oil extraction), perfume
industry(fragrance extraction),
Phermaceutical.
Conclusion
• In spite of having the advantage of rapid extraction
kinetics with a feasibility of recycling the solvent,
there are some drawbacks of this process.
• Use of toxic and inflammable organic diluents
• Sometimes the cost of solvent system becomes too
expensive
• In several cases there is losss of oragnaic solvent in
the process
• Solvent extraction may not pollute air as much as
other pyrometallurgical process, but a lot of toxic
chemicals find their way into the waterbodies,
polluting them.

You might also like