Basics of GEAR

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Basics of Gear

Department of Mechatronic Engineering, KYAU


GEAR
• Power transmission is the movement of energy
from its place of generation to a location
where it is applied to performing useful work

• A gear is a component within a transmission


device that transmits rotational force to
another gear or device
TYPES OF GEARS
1. According to the position of axes of
the shafts.
a. Parallel
 1.Spur Gear
 2.Helical Gear
 3.Rack and Pinion
b. Intersecting
 Bevel Gear
c. Non-intersecting and Non-parallel
 worm and worm gears
SPUR GEAR
 Teeth is parallel to axis
of rotation
 Transmit power from
one shaft to another
parallel shaft
 Used in Electric
screwdriver, oscillating
sprinkler, windup alarm
clock, washing
machine and clothes
dryer
External and Internal spur Gear…
Helical Gear
 The teeth on helical gears are cut at an
angle to the face of the gear
 This gradual engagement makes helical gears
operate much more smoothly and quietly
than spur gears
 One interesting thing about helical gears is
that if the angles of the gear teeth are
correct, they can be mounted on
perpendicular shafts, adjusting the rotation
angle by 90 degrees
Helical Gear
Herringbone gears
 To avoid axial thrust, two
helical gears of opposite
hand can be mounted side
by side, to cancel resulting
thrust forces

 Herringbone gears are


mostly used on
heavy machinery.
Rack and pinion
 Rack and pinion gears
are used to convert
rotation (From the
pinion) into linear
motion (of the rack)

 A perfect example of
this is the steering
system on many cars
Bevel gears
 Bevel gears are useful when the direction of a shaft's
rotation needs to be changed
 They are usually mounted on shafts that are 90
degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other
angles as well
 The teeth on bevel gears can be straight, spiral or
hypoid
 locomotives, marine applications, automobiles,
printing presses, cooling towers, power plants, steel
plants, railway track inspection machines, etc.
Straight and Spiral Bevel Gears
WORM AND WORM GEAR
 Worm gears are used when large gear reductions are
needed. It is common for worm gears to have
reductions of 20:1, and even up to 300:1 or greater
 Many worm gears have an interesting property that
no other gear set has: the worm can easily turn the
gear, but the gear cannot turn the worm
 Worm gears are used widely in material
handling and transportation machinery, machine
tools, automobiles etc
WORM AND WORM GEAR
GEAR TRAINS
 A gear train is two or more gear working
together by meshing their teeth and turning
each other in a system to generate power
and speed
 It reduces speed and increases torque
 Electric motors are used with the gear
systems to reduce the speed and increase the
torque
Types of Gear Trains
 Simple gear train
 Compound gear train
Planetary gear train
Simple Gear Train
 The most common of the gear train is the gear pair
connecting parallel shafts. The teeth of this type can
be spur, helical or herringbone.
 Only one gear may rotate about a single axis
Simple Gear Train
Compound Gear Train
• For large velocities,
compound
arrangement is
preferred
• Two or more gears
may rotate about
a single axis
NOMENCLATURE OF SPUR
GEARS
NOMENCLATURE….
• Pitch surface: The surface of the imaginary rolling cylinder
(cone, etc.) that the toothed gear may be considered to
replace.
• Pitch circle: A right section of the pitch surface.
• Addendum circle: A circle bounding the ends of the teeth, in
a right section of the gear.
• Root (or dedendum) circle: The circle bounding the spaces
between the teeth, in a right section of the gear.
• Addendum: The radial distance between the pitch circle
and the addendum circle.
• Dedendum: The radial distance between the pitch circle
and the root circle.
• Clearance: The difference between the dedendum of one gear
and the addendum of the mating gear.
NOMENCLATURE….
• Face of a tooth: That part of the tooth surface lying
outside the pitch surface.
• Flank of a tooth: The part of the tooth surface lying inside
the pitch surface.
• Circular thickness (also called the tooth thickness): The
thickness of the tooth measured on the pitch circle. It is
the length of an arc and not the length of a straight line.
• Tooth space: pitch diameter The distance between adjacent
teeth measured on the pitch circle.
• Backlash: The difference between the circle thickness of one
gear and the tooth space of the mating gear.
• Circular pitch (Pc) : The width of a tooth and a space,
measured on the pitch circle. D
Pc
N
NOMENCLATURE….
• Diametral pitch (Pd): The number of teeth of a gear unit
pitch diameter. The diametral pitch is, by definition, the
number of teeth divided by the pitch diameter. That is,

Where N
P D
d
Pd = diametral pitch
N = number of
teeth D = pitch
diameter
• Module (m): Pitch diameter divided by number of teeth. The
pitch diameter is usually specified in inches or millimeters;
in the former case the module is the inverse of diametral
pitch.
m = D/N
VELOCITY RATIO OF GEAR
DRIVE
d = Diameter of the wheel
N =Speed of the wheel
ω = Angular speed


2
velocity ratio (n) =
1 N1 d2


Planetary Gear Train (Epicyclic Gear Train)
Planetary Gear Train…
• In this train, the blue gear has six times the diameter
of the yellow gear
• The size of the red gear is not important because it is
just there to reverse the direction of rotation
• In this gear system, the yellow gear (the sun) engages
all three red gears (the planets) simultaneously
• All three are attached to a plate (the planet
carrier), and they engage the inside of the blue gear
(the ring) instead of the outside.
Planetary Gear Train…
• Because there are three red gears instead
of one, this gear train is extremely rugged.
• planetary gear sets is that they can produce
different gear ratios depending on which gear
you use as the input, which gear you use as
the output, and which one you hold still.
Planetary Gear Train…
• They have higher gear ratios.
• They are popular for automatic
transmissions in automobiles.
• They are also used in bicycles for controlling
power of pedaling automatically or
manually.
• They are also used for power train
between internal combustion engine and
an electric motor
Short Quetions

• What is power transmission?


• Why gear drives are called positively driven?
• What is backlash in gears?
• What are the types of gears available?
• What is gear train? Why gear trains are used?
• Why intermediate gear in simple gear train is called idler?
• What is the advantage of using helical gear over spur
gear?
• List out the applications of gears
• Define the term ‘module’ in gear tooth
• What is herringbone gear?
Essay type questions
• With sketch explain various types of gears
• With sketch explain three types of gear trains
• With neat sketch explain the nomenclature of
spur gear
• Write the applications, advantages and
disadvantages of gear drives

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