Understanding

Management
 Management
Management is a set of principles relating to the roles of planning, coordinating, directing, and
regulating and the implementation of those principles in the efficient and effective use of
physical, financial, human, and information capital to achieve organizational objectives.
Definitions of Management

Management thinkers have defined management in their own ways:

A set of activities directed at the efficient and effective utilization of resources in the pursuit of one or
more goals , Van Fleet and Peterson.

Working with human, financial, and physical resources to achieve organizational objectives by
performing the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling functions, Megginson, Mosley and
Pietri.

Management is a problem-solving process of effectively achieving organizational objectives through

the efficient use of scarce resources in a changing environment, Kreitner.

Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do, and see that it is done in the best and
cheapest way, F. Taylor.

Management is the art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized
groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and can cooperate
towards the attainment of group goals, Harold Koontz.
Other Views on the Definition and Scope of Management

• “Managing is forecasting and preparing, arranging, directing, managing and regulating ,” says Henri Fayol. Fredmund
Malik describes management as “transforming, capital into value.” It is described by Ghislain Deslandes as “a weak force,
under pressure to achieve results and endowed with the threefold power of constraint, imitation, and imagination,
operating at a subjective, interpersonal, institutional and environmental level.”

Management as a Process
Management as a process began with the sole purpose of attaining an objective. Further,
it is specifically done in order to:

Rise clients' satisfaction with the services the company provides.

Develop personnel experience, abilities, and capacity, orAccomplish a particular goal or
goal.

Management: The Never-Ending Process

It simply means that management is a phase that will never stop because the company remains.
Managers would always force themselves to tackle tasks, goals, and problems at a certain point
in time.
 Activity management
Task management is the practice of recording personnel day-day accomplishment in an order in which they are done.

Elements of the Ideal Activity management Label

1. The Activity ( which is a brief description of what you do.)
2.Type of Activity ( Whether it is meeing, an email, phone or others
3.Name of the task
4.Title of project.
5.Name of category of the project
6.The time Length of the activity
7.Date of the task

Importance of Activity management

1. It gives both the employer and the employees information on the performance of the personnel involved.

2.It helps to organize and emphasize the importance or relevance of the task at hand.

3.It also helps to avoid miscommunication and mistakes of task repeition in the workplace.
Management as a Discipline
Management is also a discipline because it includes learning the procedures and values
required to perform official administrative duties, as well as demonstrating the code of
conduct that managers must obey when performing their duties

Management as an Art

Management is also known to be an art because both share similar characteristics. Art
is a structured body of knowledge that requires imagination and expertise.

Management as a Group

In any way, the concept of management suggests it is a group. In general, administrative

functions are not performed by one person alone. For most cases, as companies expand,
many specific managerial roles are generated so that the organization can meet its desired
objectives.
Management as a Science
Management is also a science because everything used to classify a field as science is involved.
Science, for example, establishes the relation of cause and effect between variables.

Unity of command Principle

Management has its fundamental principle that are universally accepted and implemented In
every situation or enterprise.

Management as a Profession

Management is also an occupation as it has characteristics that allow it to be so. A profession

is called a career in which one acquires knowledge and undergoes training series to fit
perfectly into that role.
 The Manager
A manager is a person in the organization who directs the activities of others. They perform their work at
different levels and they are called by different names:

1. The First Line Managers - They are usually called supervisors or in manufacturing, they may be called foremen.

2. The Middle-Level Managers - These comprise all management levels between the organization's supervisory level
and top level. Such managers may be called functional managers, heads of plants, and managers of projects.

3. The Top Managers -They are the ones responsible for making organizational decisions and setting policies and
strategies which affect all aspects of the organization. Such individuals may be named vice-president, managing director,
chief executive officer or board chairman, etc.

MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS
Planning - This is necessary to set goals and to develop strategies for organizing activities. Organizing - It assists in
deciding the tasks to be performed, how to do them, how to organize the tasks, and where to make decisions.

Staffing - This is important for employing different types of people and performing different activities such as training,
growth, evaluation, compensation, welfare, etc.

Directing - This requires that subordinates be given instructions and motivated to achieve their goals.

Controlling - This is monitoring practices to ensure that the workers perform the tasks as scheduled, and to correct any
major deviations.
THREE ESSENTIAL SKILLS OR COMPETENCIES OF THE MANAGER
Technical Skills:

Manager must be able to work with the resources, equipment, strategies, procedure or technical
skills..

Human skills

Manager must have the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group.

Conceptual skills

Managers need to able to intergrate and recognize the different activities..

Qualities of Manager
1. Educational competence

A manager has to have adequate and outstanding preparation. Besides other educationalqualifications,
they are required to have management education and training. Education not onlywidens the intellectual scope of
executives but also helps to understand and interpret things properly.
2. Intellectual quality

Managers should have a higher level of intelligence relative to others because they have moreroles in the
organization than other men. Intelligence can assist a manager in evaluating theorganization's present
and future organizational possibilities.
 3. Leadership ability

A manager has to be able to direct and motivate people working within the business. He shall subordinate
himself to leadership. The subordinates' skills, abilities, and potentials should be retainedand properly used to
achieve organizational goals..
4. Training

A manager must develop organizational competencies. As described in the preceding issue,these skills
consist of technical skills, human skills, and logical abilities. These competencies must begained by
schooling, training, practice, etc. Such skills are important for all executive levels.

5. Technical knowledge and skills

A manager should have technical knowledge of the organization's job and other tasks. He willbe better
placed to assess and direct if he has knowledge of those things himself.
6. Mental Maturity

To deal with different circumstances a manager should have mental maturity. He is supposedto be polite, a
good listener, and quick to respond to situations.
7. Positive Attitude

A positive attitude is a manager's asset. A manager has to deal with a lot of people from both inside and
outside the company. He should be sensitive and optimistic to different suggestions and make rational
choices
8. Self-confidence

Every manager should have faith in himself. He has to take a lot of decisions every day; he should thoroughly evaluate things before
making decisions. If he makes decisions, then he should stick to them and try to put them into practice.
9. Foresight

A manager has to make a decision not just for the present but also for the future. Technology, marketing, consumer behavior,
financial set-up, etc. are rapidly changing. The economic policy shifts would repercussion in the future. A manager should foresee
what will happen in the future and plan the organization for the circumstances to face.
Role of manager in an organization

-The role of a manager is very critical within an

organisation .An organizations success well depend on the
managers ability in using the resources to achieve
organizational objectives
Different highly interrelated roles the manager

1.Interpersonal roles
-A manager has to perform the following duties:
a.Received visitors from outside,or preside over
employees social function.
b.Sign as organizational manager some legal
documents.
c.Function as a chief when he is needed to carry out
subordinate activities.
d.Not only to inspire the workplace but also to
recruite,fire and discipline employees.
e.Pay outside organizations for the collection of
information relating to companies.
2.Informational Roles
-All managers are required to perform informational
roles
a.To collect information outside of one own
organizations and institution
b.Perform the disseminators position as they deliver
information to the organizations subordinates.
c.Acts as a spokesman when he represents outsiders
to the organizations.
3.Decisional Roles
-According to Minzberg,a manager performs four
decisional roles:
a.He initiates and supervises new projects to improve the
performance of the organization.
b.As a conflict controller, administrator take corrective
actions to fix previously unknown issues .
c.Acts as resource allocation when allocating and
controlling, physical,and monetary resources allocations.
d.When debating and bargaining with other parties,he
works as a together.
Important Roles of a Manager
A.Defining various people’s activities and goals within the
organization
B. Helps at the workgroup to create the right type of
atmosphere and homogeneity
C. The group’s actions and performance led by him are
influenced
As Coordinator
A. Bring together various resources,both physical and
human , for the achievement of organizational
objectives.
B. Mobilize different resources,brings intelligent
understanding and goodwill among employees to
complete work at the organization.
C. With the aid of effective communication, better pain
events and programs .
As Decision-Maker
-After addressing various aspects of the problem, taking
decisions for different activities, evaluating them, designing
possible alternatives and choosing the correct one.

As a Human Relations Practitioner

A. Address workplace issues with staff
B. Tries to get best out of the workers, and efforts are made to
boost the organization efficiency.
C. Encourage employees to engage in decisions making process
What is a Vision Statement?

Whatever the dream of your company is , one or

more vision statement, which are short phrases or
sentences that express the aspiration of your society
for the future, may well communicate.

Characteristics of vision statement should be:

A. Understood and shared by members of the
organization.
B. Broad enough to include a diverse variety of local
perspective.
C. Inspiring and uplifting everyone involved in groups
effort.
What is a Mission Statements
-Mission statement are similar claims about vision , in that
they also look at the big picture . They are more practical
however , and they are certainly more action oriented than
statements of dream.
General Guidelines in Creating Mission Statement

A. Concise –While not as a brief as statements of vision ,

mission statement in one sentence also usually get
their point across
B. Outcome-oriented – Statements on task describe the
basic results to which the organization is operating
C. Inclusive – Although declaration of mission make
statements about the key goals your community, it is
very important that they do so very broadly.
As a Spokesman of the Organization
A. Acts as the organization Spokesman
B. He works with outsiders and provides them with the required
information that they need .
C. Maintains good relationship with all stakeholders including
shareholders, employees, customers , vendors , government,
etc.
D. Helps to create a strong organisation reputation not only
among clients but also among.
Modern Challenges for Managers
- At different times every company has to cope with the
external environment that prevails. This world pores a series of
external abstract which are hard to control.

Developing Mission and Vision Statement

Creating the vision statements play three critical roles :
1. Communicate the organization intent to stakeholders
2. Inform the development of strategy
3. Established the tangible priorities and goals by which to
measure the success of the strategy of the company
Role of the Mission Statement
Leaders should emphasize the current statement of
mission to employees which clarifies the organizations
objective and key, measurable .

Role of Vision Statement

Statement of vision helps to define the intent of the
organization. Statements of vision provide guidance for
organizational action and help inspire.

Purpose of Strategy Planning

Strategic planning is likely to have success and
failures. Leaders should celebrate the little success in
achieving objectives that are part of the statement of
mission.
How to create vision and mission statement
•The organizational now has the tools to create the specific message ,
providing a clear understanding of the vision and mission message

1.Learn what is important to people in your organization

and community
-As the first step in the development of your action plan is to establish
that these first step are well in community principles and values.
Different ways in gathering this information

a.Conducting public furom with members of the community

-It is to collect suggestion, feeling,and views on the way they
want the culture to be changed.

b.Holding fucos group discussion with people

-this would be done for those involved in solving problem,
including civic members,most impacted by the problems ,
Cooperation, religious, leaders, teachers,etc.
Obtaining Interview with people in leadership and service
operations

-This involves individual as local officials ,school leaders,workers

at hospitals and social service provider on what issues or needs
they except to occur in the neighborhood .

2.Decide what to ask

- No matter if you are talking to one person or a crowd,your
purpose is the same to learn what matters in your community.
3.Decide on the general focus of your organisation
-After the organization’s leaders have learned what group has to say,
It’s time to determine the organization or initiative overall emphasis

Develop your vision and mission statements

-Developing clear vision and mission statements are two of most critical
activities that your organisation can tackle as such as statements influenced
almost everything else you do.

Writing mission statements

-The method of writing the statement of purpose for your organisation is

close to creating your statement of vision.
 Behavioural Management

Behavioural Management derived from Albert Bandura’s Theory of social

learning which affirms that observable behaviour merges emerges from an
interactions between the persons and the environment.
Behavioural management techniques

1.Antecedents strategies-which are used in an attempt to discouraged or

or provoke a behaviour before or behaviour Occurs

2.Consequences strategies-who are used when a behaviour happens in an

attempts to discourages a behaviour from continuing repeating or to reinforced
Behaviour.
Understanding Employee Behaviour and Motivation

Behavioural Management theory

-The theory of behavioural management was developed in reponse
To the need to account for the actions and motivation of the enployee

A shirt in theories
-Concern for job satisfaction and fair working conditions established
The basis for the theory of behavioural management

Management by example
-the concept of Leading others by dictation or order be same like a
fairly daunting task to managers.
Effective Strategies Managing By Example

Avoid Criticizing
-Complaining or judging other can not only discourage team members
from receiving the inspiration they need, but it can also sow these team
Members that criticism and complaining is appropriate on the job.

Give Honest Praise

-It is necessary to truly improve positive behaviour , so that others can
Continue the behave positively .
Develop Real Relationships
-Its so important for managers to take time To develop genuine relationships with
their workers so they can gain that respect

Get it in the action

-Its much easier for an employee to follow the lead of superior who sits in their
office all day and doesn’t know how everyday operation work .

Humility key
-Taking leadership approach needs a great sense of modesty.Not only those this
Trying to relate to workers and to foster a sense of harmony between team
members but also mean treating all members with a positive attitude .
Engagement And Empowerment

1.Act like an owner make choice that are base on the highest
company and priorities nice.

2.Be constructive on asking what you can do to improve and

make situation easier

3.Be responsible by recognising that there are still an aspect of

of the project .

4.Seek items that match the ultimate purpose ,so if you can make an
Mistake then you will own it and learn from it.
Values Formation and Management

Formation of values Is the confluence Of our personal experience

And they particular society in which entwined

The value system is first consider for understanding every society.

A collection of coherent ethical principles and procedures used for ethical
or moral honesty purpose.
Values Formation in Management

Formation of values is the confluence of our personal experience and the

particular society in which we are entwined.In the childhood,values are
placed by our families and reinforce by community and life experience
Points that highlight the role of values in management

1.Developement of Employees
-Managers should use the value system to grow their workers in an
workers in an all around way.Values help with vision

2.Motivation
-Values will work inside you to awaken your secrets talents with
bravely and confidence you have it in you to go ahead and realize
your full potential.

3.Underline Managerial Behaviour

-The study of values is crucial to the interpretation of management
and organization behaviour,which underlies managerial behaviour
value orientations.
4.Determine behaviour
-Values are fundamental and define actions within the organization to a
large extent.

5.Helps in bringing change

-Organization bind through principles values are enabled cultural
improvement when re-evaluated and matched with the goals of the
Organizational structure.

6.Determine attitudes
-Values form the foundation for understanding behaviour,motivation
and beliefs.
7.Promote leadership
-Managers are people who exercise their leadership by values.They can be
Effective leadership by practicing the spiritual values in their managing jobs

8.Bring creation
-Managers will remain innovate by examination of many ethical principles
Unpredictable and ever changing times

9.Managing borderlines
-Management is no longer limited to a national entity but is completely without
boundaries.Specific international governments do not oversee the management
Activities and decisions.

10.Involve in managerial goals

-values are universal since they include task,goal,and adjectives selection.
11.Guide to life prefission
-Moral, ethical and professional values determine the character of employees and
managers .

12.Personalities development
-Managers tent to be involved in cultivating their staff and follow leaders
personalities .

13.Work ethic
-knowledge,effort, behaviour, attitude,manners of work, interpersonal vision a
commitment to change and the standard of work generated are important elements
of every worker’s mentality to day
The importance of workplace values

The ideas in the workplace are the guiding principle that are most
important to you about the way you work.

Some examples of workplace values include

•Being accountable.
•Making difference
•Focusing on detail
•Delivering quality
•Being completely honest
•Keeping promise
•Being reliable
• Being positive
•meeting deadlines
•Helping others
•Being great team member
•Respecting company policy and rules and respecting others
•Showing tolerance