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Lecture55 - 30272 - Control Structure 1

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21 views39 pages

Lecture55 - 30272 - Control Structure 1

Uploaded by

Mr Mrtian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Python Flow

Control
if…else
for Loop
while
loop
Break and
continue Pass
statement
if...els
e⚫ Decision making is required when we want
to execute a code only if a certain condition
is satisfied.
⚫ The if…elif…else statement is used in
Python for decision making.

⚫ In Python, the body of the if statement is


indicated by the indentation.
⚫ Body starts with an indentation and
the first unindented line marks the
end.
⚫ Python interprets non-zero values
as True. None and 0 are interpreted
as False.
Exercise
–⚫Write
if a program to give a
discount of 10% if the total bill
amount exceeds 1000.
if...else
Statement
⚫ The if..else statement evaluates test expression
and will execute body of if only when test
condition is True.
⚫ If the condition is False, body of else is
executed.
Indentation is used to separate the blocks.
Exercis
e⚫Write a program to check if a
given number is a multiple
of 5.
if...elif...el
⚫ se
The elif is short for else if. It
allows us to check for multiple
expressions.
⚫ If the condition for if is False, it
checks the condition of the
next elif block and so on.
⚫ If all the conditions are False,
body of else is executed.
⚫ O nly one block among the
several if...elif...else blocks is
executed according to the
condition.
⚫ The if block can have
only one else block. But
it can have multiple
elifblocks.
Programming
Task
⚫ Minimum age to Cast your Vote :
18
⚫ Minimum age to Contest an
Election: 25

⚫ Giventhe age verify if the


person can vote and can s(he)
contest an election.
Exercis
e Write a program to check if a given year is leap year or
⚫
not.

⚫ Logic:
⚫ if a year is not divisible by 4, its not a leap year.
⚫ If a year is divisible by 4 and not divisible by 100, it’s a
leap year.
⚫ If a year is divisible by 4 and 100 then it should be
divisible by 400
to be a leap year
Loop
s⚫Loops are used in
programming to repeat a
specific block of code.

⚫ Looping Constructs in
Python
◦ while
◦ for
While
loop
⚫ The while loop in Python is used to
iterate over a block of code as long as
the test expression (condition) is true.
⚫ We generally use this loop when we
don't know beforehand, the number of
times to iterate.
⚫ Write
a program to print the
number of digits of a given
number using while loop.
For
loop
⚫ For loops iterate over a given
sequence.

⚫ Here, val is the variable that takes the value of


the item inside the sequence on each
iteration.
⚫ Loop continues until we reach the last item
in the sequence.The body of for loop is
separated from the rest of the code using
indentation.
Range
Function
⚫ We can generate a sequence of
numbers using range() function.
⚫ range(10) will generate numbers
from 0 to 9 (10
numbers).

⚫ To force this function to output all the items,


we can use the function list().
Range
function
⚫ W e can also define the start,
stop and step size as
range(start,stop,step size).
⚫ step size defaults to 1 if not
provided.
Exercis
e⚫Write a program to calculate the
factorial of a given number.
break and
continue
⚫ Loops iterate over a block of code until test
expression is false, but sometimes we wish to
terminate the current iteration or even the
whole loop without checking test expression.
⚫ break statement
⚫ The break statement terminates the loop
containing it. Control of the program flows to
the statement immediately after the body of
the loop.
⚫ If break statement is inside a nested loop (loop
inside another loop), break will terminate the
innermost loop.
Exercis
e⚫Write a program to check if a
given number is prime or
not.

⚫ If
a number is divisible by any
number between 2 and n-1, its
not prime, otherwise prime
continue
statement
⚫ The continue statement is used to skip the
rest of the code inside a loop for the current
iteration only. Loop does not terminate but
continues on with the next iteration.
for loop with
else
⚫ A for loop can have an optional else block as
well. The else part is executed if the items in
the sequence used in for loop exhausts.
⚫ break statement can be used to stop a for
loop. In such case, the else part is ignored.
⚫ Hence, a for loop's else part runs if no break
occurs.
for loop with
else
Nested
Loop
while loop with
else
⚫ Same as that of for loop, we can
have an optional else block with
while loop as well.
Pass
statement
⚫ Suppose we have a loop or a function that
is not implemented yet, but we want to
implement it in the future.
⚫ They cannot have an empty body.
⚫ We use the pass statement to construct a
body that does nothing.

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