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1- Nutrition
• Nutrition is the group of processes that allow
living beings to obtain matter and energy they need to build and mantain their structures and do activities. Obtention of nutrients from food, and oxygen from air. Transport of nutrients and oxygen to cells. Obtention of energy (cellular respiration) Elimination of cell waste and carbon dioxide Nutrients are compounds in food that the body needs to function correctly. Cells use the nutrients to build its own components and to obtain energy from them. According to the amount we need to eat According to their composition According to their functions vitamin Micronutrient s s mineral s According to The body needs the amount them in very Protein we need to small amounts s eat Lipids Macronutrient s Carbohydrate s The body needs them in Wate larger amounts r Carbohydrate s
Lipids
Organi c Proteins
According to Vitamin their s composition
Mineral salts
Inorgani c Wate r Water Mineral salts It is Main component of essentia living things (about l 60%) Main functions: Transport of substances. Metabolism reactions take place in the water. Regulation of the temperature. Abundant in fruits and vegetables. They can be dissolved in water or precipitated Mineral salts with regulatory function (dissolved in water) Sodium (Na): transmission of the nerve impulse. Potassium (K): contraction of the muscles.
Structural mineral salts (precipitated
salts)
Calcium carbonate Calcium phospahate Iron Anaemi Calciu a Osteoporosi m s Goitre Iodine Carbohydrate s Lipids Proteins Vitamins Provide us with energy Monomers: monosaccharides Types: Simple carbohydrates: sugars (sucrose, lactose, fructose etc) Complex carbohydrates: fibre, starch Main energy reserve Insoluble in water and with oily appearance. Examples: Fats
Phospholipids
Cholesterol Fat s are the main energy They reserve
Saturated fats
Mostly of animal origin
Unsaturated fats
Mostly of plant origin • Components of the cell membrane It is involved in the synthesis of hormones. It is part of cell membranes. Most important structural nutrients (body-building function). Monomers: amino acids Other functions: Transport of substances Defense against infections Muscle contraction Examples : Haemoglobine Collagen Inmunoglobulines Actine and miosine Keratine Varied chemical composition. Micronutrients essential for the metabolic processes. We can not produce most of them. Found in raw or undercooked food. Classification Fat soluble vitamins Water soluble vitamins WATER SOLUBLE FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS VITAMINS
Antioxidant Good for the sight They participate in metabolic processes Absorption of calcium
Antioxidant It helps to keep the
It keeps the inmune system mucus healthy healthy
It participates in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I S blood ZLTJH5lYg&t=21s coagulation Rickets Night blindness D A
Scurvy C Nutrients with They regulate the body-regulating metabolic functions processes
They supply the body
Nutrients with materials to build Acording to with body- and repair the body´s their structures building function functions They provide Nutrients with our organism energy- with energy producing factors
