Introduction to

Manufacturing Process
 Contents
 Definition
 Types of Manufacturing
 Types of Industries
 Types of Manufacturing
Operations
 What is JIT?
 Kanban System
 Definition
What is “Manufacturing”?
 “the process of converting Raw materials into products.”
 The word “manufacturing” is delivered from the Latin manu factus,
meaning made by hand.
 “the conversion of stuff into things” – (by DeGramon, 1998)
 “economic terms for making goods and services available to satisfy
customer”
– (by T. Black, 1991)
 Types of
Manufacturing
Manufacturing can be defined two ways:
 Technology – This process to accomplish manufacturing involve a
combination of machinery, tools, power and manual labor. Manufacturing
also includes the assembly of multiple parts to make products.

Produc
Raw Manufacturing t
Materials Process
Profit
Machinery

Toolin

Labor
Powe
g

r
 Economic – Manufacturing is the transformation of materials into items of
greater value by means one or more processing involve. Therefore,
manufacturing is “added value” to the material.
- “Added Value” – by changing the material’s shape or properties or
by combining it with other materials that have been similarly altered.

Manufacturin
g
Process

Value
adde
d Processed
Starting Material
Material
Material in
 Types of
Industries
SECONDAR
Y
INDUSTRY

TERTIARY
PRIMARY INDUSTR
INDUSTR Y
Y
MANUFACTURIN
G INDUSTRIES
 • Agriculture • Aerospace • Banking
• • Automotive • Communication
Forestry • Education
• Fishing • Building • Entertainment
• Livestock materials • Financial
• Mining • Chemicals services
• Computers • Government

INDUSTRY
• Petroleum
SECONDARY

TERTIARY
•
INDUSTRY

Hotel
• Electronics
PRIMARY

INDUSTRY
• Insurance
• Pharmaceuticals • Restaurant
• Textile • Transportation
• Wood & • Tourism
• Real estate
furniture
Types of Manufacturing
Operator
1. Project – 1 to 10 units
[Low
2. Job shop – 10 to 100 units Production]
3. Batch – 100 to 10,000 [Medium
units Production]
[High
4. Mass – Above 10,000 Production]
units
 Production Quantity: number of unit produced annually of a particular
product type.
 Product Variety: different product designs or types that are produced in
the plant.
 1.
Project
 Product position – remains stationary during the manufacturing process –
size, weight, location of the product.
 Materials, people, machinery are brought to the product or product site.
 Based on customer specifications.
 Example: bridge, building construction, aircraft, ships, locomotive.
 2. Job
Shop
 Low volume and production quantities called lot sizes with
high product variety.
 Satisfies a market for nonstandard or unique product.
 Require high skill levels labor – to operate a variety of equipments.
 A short duration activities to provide custom goods.
 Example: space vehicles, reactor vessels, turbines, aircraft component.
 3.
Batch
 Batch production produce or process any product in groups which is called
“batches”.
 Can produce a variety of products – opposed to a continuous production
process, or a one time production.
 Useful for industries that makes seasonal items\
products for which it is difficult to forecast the demand.
 Example: similar standard items made periodically in batches; bakery,
paint,
hand tools.
 4.
Mass
 Also known as flow production, repetitive flow production, series
production.
 Machinery (e.g.: robots, machine press) that is needed to set up the mass
production line is so expensive.
 Involved fewer labor cost and a faster rate of production.
 Plant and equipments are arranged in a flow line layout.
 Example: light bulbs, refrigerator, TV.
 What is Just In Time
(JIT)?
 Raw materials, parts & components are delivered to the manufacturer just in
time to used, parts & components are produced JIT to be made into
subassemblies & assemblies, and products are finished JIT to be delivered to
the customer.
 JIT is also known as “Pull System”.
 It tends to simplify and break the whole system into small, autonomous
units.
 Benefits of
JIT:
Low inventory – carrying cost.
 Reduced inspection and reworking of
parts.
 High quality products made at low cost.
 Reduction of:
 20% to 40% in product cost.
 60% to 80% in inventory.
 Up to 90% in rejection rates.
 90% in lead times.
 50% in scrap & rework.
 Kanban
System
 Integrated with the implementation of JIT concept.
 Kanban – means “visible record”.
 Originally consisted of two types of cards:
o Production Card: authorizes the production of one container or cart of
identical, specified parts at a workstation.
o Conveyance\move card: authorizes the transfer of one container or cart of
parts from that particular w/station to the w/station where the parts will be
used.
The cards contain information on:
I. Types of parts.
II. Location where issued.
III. Part number.
IV. Number of items in container.
 References

 [https://www.slideshare.net/juffrizal/lecture-01-introduction-to-
SlideShare
manufacturing]
 Wikipedia [www.
wikipedia.net]
THANK
YOU