Chapter 7

Chapter 7
Magnetism
• Out line
• 1- Magnet interaction
• 2- Magnetic behavior
• 3- Magnetic lines
• 4- Lorentz force in B field
• 5- Magnetic Application
• 6- Magnetic field from
• Many form of DC current
• 7- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Human magnetism interaction

1
1. Magnetostatic
behavior
• Magnetic “ unlike charge” occurs
in pairs of North (N) and South (S)
experimentally
• A big Magnet can be cut in many
small Magnets with two single
poles in the material
• Charged particle moving can be a
magnet
(electron on orbital motion)
Forces:
• Like poles repel
• Unlike poles attract
2
MCQ test
• Maximum magnetic force of a magnet is

• A- North pole
• B- South pole
• C- At both poles
• D- At center of magnet
3
2- Magnet
interaction
• A phenomenon: Magnets
have dipole property (S &N) that make S<->S, N<->N,
S><N interactions
push
Thus Magnets have Space
properties as direct currents called magnetism
B field (magnetism field) is the space that contain magnetism

force like E field push
joint
4
MCQ test
Magnetic material
properties:
a) Attach to Ion rod
b) Push to metal rod
c) Dipolization N (North)
and S (south)
d) Answer a and c
5
3. Magnetic lines
Out in
• Magnetic field represented by lines of force similar to electric field

• Define positive (North – out seeking)
and negative (South – in seeking) poles
In at S
Out at N
6
Field maps (using iron filings)
Can you find the direction?
S
Two magnets N
S
N N
One magnet Two magnets

N
7
4. Lorentz force – moving
charge in B
Recall, we defined E-Fields by Forces of Lorentz

 FE  
E  or FE qE
q

 FB   
B however now, FB qv B
qv
B-Fields (T) due to magnet acts to

Moving charge by force called
Lorentz Forces FL .     
FB qv B  FB qv.B sin(v , B )
Can by computed by: 8
Lorentz force test
    
FB qv B  FB qv.B sin(v , B )
• Given:
• Q=5C, V= 30m/s and B= 40 mT
• V and B make the angle of 450
• The Lorentz force is:

• A) F 12 / 2 (N ) B) F 6 / 2 ( N )
L L
• C) D)
FL 12 2 ( N ) FL 6 2 ( N )
9
Magnetic Units
•The magnetic intensity measured by

Tesla (1 T = Ns/Cm)
•Another unit of intensity is the Gauss
•(1.G = 10-4 T)
•Also use gamma  = 10-9 T
10
  
Using Screwing law FB q.v B
a) +q use clockwise
b) -q use anticlockwise 11
Force on charged particles
• Particle must have non-zero velocity to feel magnetic force
• Force depends on cross-product of velocity with field
• Force is proportional to amount of charge
  
F qv B
12
Circular path of an electron beam
moving in B field
Lorentz force as the normal force to moving charge
(electron)  electron beam get circular path with
radius R
   v 2
FB q.v B  evB m
R
mv e v
thus : R  or : 
eB m R.B
e 11
1.7587 10 c / kg
m 13
Exercise: Check circular path
of an electron beam
Compute the velocity

e v
 of electron if
m R.B R=10cm, B=1.25 T
14
5- Magnet application in life
Kill the cancer

Dynamic
speaker
15
Magnetic application in
technology
16
MCQ test
•Magnetic field can be applied for:

A) Informatics devices
B) Medicine and Biotechnology
C) Electric power supply
D) For Both Science and technology
17
Magnetics field from a current
• The Biot-Savart Law can be used to determine
the magnetic field strength from a current
segment
For the simple case of an infinite

straight current- with current I,
carrying wire it is reduced to the
form at distance R
  . 0 I 
B n If only air  1,  0 4 .10  7 SI
2R

n unit vector follow right hand law 18
Exercises: finding B field at point P
due to 8 currents (2A) as show
5m P 5m
1m 1m 1m
1m 1m 1m
19
Magnetic field due to
Non-infinity straight wire
• Case: Wire isn’t infinity, we use the form:
  . 0 I 
B [cos(c1 )  cos(c2 )]n D C2
4R

n• unit vector
Exercise: computefollow the Pright hand law
the B at point
• Given: I =2A, R=20cm, P
R
Wire CD= 40cm.
C1
C
20
Exercise: computing the
B field from the square wire (I )
• Compute the B field at point

P (center of square) carry the I
Current of 3 mA
Given the size of square is
a=40cm P
a
How is the total B field direction?
Use screwing law
21
Magnetic field due to current
in a circular wire
• One of the important axial positions is
center of the circular wire itself.
• Focus on the magnetic field at the center of
circular coil.
• The magnetic field proportional to current I
in circular wire is same as that of straight
wire
• Right hand thumb rule
22
Circular current as magnets
• The magnetic lines of force enters from the face in which current is clockwise
(S pole -in) and exits from the face in which current is anticlockwise (N pole -
out).
• This is exactly the configuration of real magnet.
a circular wire is
approximately equivalent to
a tiny bar magnet.
23
Magnetic field at center
due to circular wire I
• In side the current, the magnetic I
intensity nearly the same value at O
The center : R
0 I
B
How about out side the circular
wire: we prove that

2 R
B0ut = zero
24
Example
Find the magnetic field at the corner O due to current in the wire as shown in the
figure.
Here, radius of curvature is 0.1 m for the quarter circle arc and current is 10 A
Here the straight line

wire segment AB and
CD when extended
meet at O zero
Thus magnetic field B due to
quarter arc AC  B is:
0 I 0 I ( / 2) 0 I
B  
4R (2 )2 R 8R
25
Problems
A current 10 A flowing through a straight wire is split at
point A in two semicircular wires of radius 0.1 m. The
resistances of upper and lower semicircular wires are
10 Ω and 20 Ω respectively. The currents rejoin to flow
in the straight wire again as shown in the figure.
Determine the magnetic field at the center “O”.
0 2 1
B  10(  )
4(0,1) 3 3
Direction ? in or out
26
27
MCQ test
• Which material have the permeability about 2.3/100
• A) Pure Ions
• B) Electric steel
• C) Cobalt -Ions
• D) Copper
28
HOME WORK
• A current of 10 A flows in anticlockwise direction through the arrangement shown

in the figure. Determine the magnetic field at the center “O”.
29
Magnetic field of solenoid
B n.0 I  N0 I / L
n : number of turns per unit length
N : Total turns of solenoid
• The magnetic field only inside a solenoid is proportional to both: The applied
current I and
the number of turns per unit length (n).
B is independence on the diameter of the solenoid
The B field strength doesn't depend on the position inside the solenoid, i.e.…
the field inside is constant
30
31
MCQ test
32
7- News: Magnetic
application for
Nuclear resonance machine
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most

commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (MRS),
is a spectroscopic technique to observe local magnetic fields
around atomic nuclei. The sample is placed in a magnetic
field and the NMR signal is produced by excitation of the
nuclei sample with radio waves into
nuclear magnetic resonance, which is detected with sensitive33
•The ending of electricity
•  Optics will coming soon
34

Chapter 7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 7

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 7

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 7

Human magnetism interaction

• Maximum magnetic force of a magnet is

B field (magnetism field) is the space that contain magnetism

• Magnetic field represented by lines of force similar to electric field

One magnet Two magnets

B-Fields (T) due to magnet acts to

• The Lorentz force is:

•The magnetic intensity measured by

Compute the velocity

Kill the cancer

•Magnetic field can be applied for:

For the simple case of an infinite

• Compute the B field at point

wire: we prove that

Here the straight line

• A current of 10 A flows in anticlockwise direction through the arrangement shown

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most

You might also like