GCSE 9-1 PHYSICS

Forces
Booklet 1
Name :

content:
Vector and Scalars
Resultant force
Scale diagrams
Weight, mass and gravity
Workdone
 Knowledge Organiser
Vector Vector quantities have force and magnitude

Scalar Scalar quantities only have magnitude, they have no direction

Force A push or pull that is caused by an object interacting with another

object
Contact force A contact force occur when two objects are touching. Friction, air
resistance, tension and normal contact force are examples of contact
forces
Non-contact force A non-contact force does not need to be touching anything for the force
to act. Magnetism, gravity and electrostatic force are examples of non-
contact force
Newtons 3rd law When two objects interact, there is a force produced on both objects.
This pair of forces are equal (in magnitude) and opposite (in direction)
to each other.
Weight Weight is a FORCE acting on an object due to gravity acting upon its
mass
weight equation Weight = Mass x gravity

Mass This is a measure of the amount of matter in an object

Resultant Force The sum of all of the forces acting on an object. Can be represented as
on overall force
Free body diagram A diagram showing all of the forces acting on an object

Spring constant A given value for a spring that tells you how much extension a given
force will produce.
Spring constant Force = spring constant x extension
equation
Work Done The amount of energy transferred when an object is moved through a
distance. Calculated using Work done = force x distance
Hypothesis A prediction of what you expect to happen in an experiment and a
scientific explanation why you think it will happen
Method A step-by-step guide to the experiment that include ALL of the
information needed to repeat the experiment exactly
Conclusion What did you find out? What patterns and trends did you find from your
data? A scientific explanation of your findings.
Evaluation Was the experiment a success? Could you improve it if you did it again?
Did you have high levels of uncertainty? Can you justify any changes?
Dependent Variable The variable you are measuring in an experiment.

Independent The variable that you change in an experiment.

variable
Uncertainty The variation in your results. if you results have a large range
List of forces
Vector and Scalar Date
……………………………
Success Criteria
1) Interpret a scale diagram to determine the magnitude and direction of a vector.
2) Translate between vector descriptions and vector diagrams and vice versa using a range of
appropriate scales.
3) Use a scale diagram to add two or more vectors.
Quick Fire 5 What is a scalar? …………………….………………………
1 ……………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………
2 ……………………………… ……………………………………………………

3 ……………………………… What is a vector? …………………….………………………

4 ……………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………
5 ……………………………… ……………………………………………………

Put the following measurements into the

correct column in the table below; In the table below, list some examples of
Distance, Speed, Velocity, displacement, contact and non-contact forces.
weight, mass, force
Contact Non-contact
Scalar Vector

To the left is an example of a

vector diagram.

The arrow shows the direction

and the size of the arrow
shows the magnitude.

On the next page you are

going to have a try at drawing
your own vectors.
Displacement vectors
SC1 - Interpret a scale diagram to determine the magnitude and
direction of a vector.

Look at the following diagrams and write down the direction

and magnitude of each vector. (Scale is 1cm = 10m)

1)

Direction
Magnitude

2)

Direction
Magnitude

3)

Direction
Magnitude

4)

Direction
Magnitude

5)

Direction
Magnitude

6)

Direction
Magnitude
Drawing vectors
SC2 - Translate between vector descriptions and vector diagrams
and vice versa using a range of appropriate scales.

Now its your turn, draw vector diagrams for the following
velocities. (Scale is 1cm = 10m/s)

1)

Direction - North
Magnitude – 20m/s

2)

Direction - South
Magnitude – 30m/s

3)

Direction - east
Magnitude – 70m/s

4)

Direction - west
Magnitude – 90m/s

5)

Direction – north west

Magnitude – 40m/s

6)

Direction - south east

Magnitude – 50m/s
HIGHER TIER – ADDING VECTORS
SC3 -Use a scale diagram to add two or more vectors.

Its getting more difficult, but if we can master this, we are

well on our way to the top grades. Keep going!

Draw vector diagrams for each of the questions below. Use the graph
paper on the following pages. Write the question number down the left
hand side.
Good practice: Always draw a diagram
Always give both magnitude and direction (angle) of the
vector in your answer.

1. Two forces act on a wooden block, one to the right of 3N and

the other to the left of 5N. What are the magnitude and direction
of the resultant force on the block?

2. A boat leaves a harbour and travels due north for a distance of

3 km and then due west for a distance of 8 km. What is the final
displacement of the boat with respect to the harbour?

3. A helicopter rises vertically from the ground for a distance of

600m and then moves horizontally for a distance of 1.6km.
Calculate the displacement of the helicopter from its starting
point.

4. A tanker is being pulled into harbour by a tug boat which

exerts a force of 200 MN in an easterly direction. The tanker is
also subject to a force of 150 MN due to a northerly current. Find
the resultant force acting on the tanker.

5. The wind is creating a horizontal force of 20N on a falling rock

of weight 75N. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the
resultant force.
Weight, Mass and Gravity Date ……………………………
Success Criteria
1) I can calculate the weight of an object given its mass and the strength of gravity.
2) I can rearrange the equation to calculate mass and gravity
3) I can use additional physics equation to calculate unknown variables before calculate weight

Quick Fire 5 What is Weight? What units is it

1 ………………………………………… measured in?
2 ………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………
3 ………………………………………… ………………………………………
…………………………………………………
4 …………………………………………
5 ………………………………………… What is a Mass? What units is it
measured in?
……………………………………………………………
………………………………………
…………………………………………………

To the left is the formula

triangle that we can use to
calculate weight or mass or
gravitational field strength.
(some people just call it
gravity)
Weight measured in NEWTONS
(N)
Mass
Gravity measured in measured in KILOGRMAS
NEWTONS?KILOGRAM (N/Kg)
(Kg)
If you scored 0-1 on the progress portal sit with your teacher for 5 minutes.
2-3 Attempt boxes 1 and 2boxes using your equation sheet to help.
If you got 4 correct, attempt box 3 using the equation sheet and box 3 without the help sheet.
If you got all 5 correct, attempt box 2 and 3 without using the equation sheet

1) Mass = 10kg, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate weight.

2) Mass = 25kg, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate weight.

3) Mass = 15kg, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate weight.

4) Mass = 75kg, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate weight.

1
1) Mass = 17kg, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate weight.

2) Weight = 1000N, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate Mass.

3) Mass = 10kg, Weight = 980N. Calculate Gravity.

4) Mass = 1100g, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate weight.

5) Weight = 10kN, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate mass.

6) Mass = 11000g, Weight = 0.5Kn. Calculate gravity.

7) Mass = 750g, Weight = 3.6Kn. Calculate gravity.

8) Weight = 0.025kN, Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate Mass.

9) Mass = 2356g, Weight = 425N. Calculate gravity.

2
1) An object with a kinetic energy store of 5000J is moving at a speed of 20m/s. Gravity = 9.8N/kg.
Calculate the objects weight.

2) An object with a GPE store of 10000J is 10m in the air in a gravitational field of 9.8N/kg. Calculate its
weight.

3) An object is lifted 40m in the air. It is dropped and reaches a maximum speed of 20m/s.
Gravity = 9.8N/kg. Calculate its weight.

3
 I started the work sheet at box number

Answers
Answers
Resultant forces Date
……………………………
Success Criteria
1) Draw a scaled free-body force diagram showing forces as vectors and find the resultant force
vector.
2) Calculate resultant forces from several forces acting on an object and convert units accordingly..

A free body diagram shows us all of the forces acting on an object. Because force
is a vector, we draw an arrow to represent the force. This shows us the Magnitude
(SIZE) of the force and the direction it is acting in. In the box below, follow
your teachers step by step instructions

Now we have drawn a free body diagram, we can now use it to calculate the
resultant force on the object. This leaves us with one force that has the same
effect of all the original forces together. In the box below, follow your
teachers step by step instructions
SC1 Draw a scaled free-body force diagram showing forces as vectors and find the resultant
force vector.

An object experiences a force acting to the right with a magnitude of 40N and a
force acting to the left with a magnitude of 20N. In the box below ;
a) Draw a free body diagram including both forces
b) Draw a free body diagram showing only the resultant force.

An object experiences a force acting to the right with a magnitude of 60N and a
force acting to the left with a magnitude of 10N. In the box below ;
a) Draw a free body diagram including both forces.
b) Draw a free body diagram showing only the resultant force.

An object experience a force acting to the right with a magnitude of 30N and a
force acting to the lest with a magnitude of 30N. In the box below;
a) Draw a free body diagram including both forces.
b) Draw a free body diagram showing only the resultant force.
SC2 -Calculate resultant forces from several forces acting on an object and convert
units accordingly.

Good practice: Show all of your working out, use a ruler

and pencil to draw your free body diagrams. State what
scale you will use.

For the following diagrams, calculate the resultant forces and then draw a free body
diagram to show the resultant force. Some questions may have a vertical and
horizontal resultant force. Use the graph paper on the following pages to
write/draw your answers. (2)
(1) 15N

30N 20N

5N

(3)

10N 40N
(4) 30N

(5)

30N 30N
20N

(6) 20N (7) 20N

30N 30N 30N 30N

10N 10N

Use what you know about adding vectors to draw a free body
diagram with a single resultant force for questions 6 and 7. Good luck
Higher
Work Done Date ……………………………
Success Criteria
1) I can describe how work can be done and give examples.
2) I can calculate the amount of energy transferred when work is done and use the appropriate
units
3) I can rearrange the work done equation to calculate force applied and distance.
Quick Fire 5
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………
3 ………………………………………………………………………………………
4 ………………………………………………………………………………………
5 ………………………………………………………………………………………
When a force moves an object through a distance, energy is
transferred and work is done on the object.

1 joule = 1 Newton Metre

You NEED to remember this!

Use the keywords below to fill in the blanks

Frictional – Temperature - Dissipates – Kinetic energy – Transferred (x2) – Thermal

energy

When a person pushes something along a surface, the person does work against
…………………..……. forces.

Energy is being ………………………….. to the …………………………… store of the object

as it is moving. Not all of the energy is transferred to the kinetic energy store though,
some is wasted and ……………………………. to ……………………………….. energy stores
(heat) in the surroundings.

This will cause the ……………………. of the object to increase and is why machines with
moving parts get warm

To the left is the formula triangle that

we can use to calculate work done,
force or distance.

Work done is measured in JOULES (J)

Force is measured in NEWTONS (N)
Distance is measured in METRES (m)
If you scored 0-1 on the progress portal sit with your teacher for 5 minutes.
2-3 Attempt boxes 1 and 2boxes using your equation sheet to help.
If you got 4 correct, attempt box 3 using the equation sheet and box 3 without the help sheet.
If you got all 5 correct, attempt box 2 and 3 without using the equation sheet
1) A box is pushed with a force of 50N over a distance of 40m, calculate the work done.

2) A box is pushed with a force of 75N over a distance of 5m, calculate the work done.

3) A crate is pushed for 30m with a constant force of 500N, what is the work done
1

1) A large suitcase is carried for 20m, 20000J of work is done, what was the force
applied.

2) A car is pushed for 35m, 1500J of work is done, calculate the force applied.

3) A crate is carried for 40m, 8000J of work is done, calculate the force.

4) A force of 100N is applied to a stone and 1500J of work is done, calculate the
distance the stone moves.

5) A force of 50N is applied to a stone and 3000J of work is done, calculate the
distance the stone moves.

6) A force of 2KN is applied to a car and 3.75KJ of work is done, calculate the distance 2
the car moves.
The following questions require the use of at least 2 equations
1) An object has a mass of 100kg and the strength of gravity is 9.8N/Kg. It is lifted from a ledge
10m in the air up to another ledge 30m in the air. Calculate the work done.

2) An object has a mass of 1500g and the strength of gravity is 9.8N/Kg. It is lifted 2500cm
upwards. Calculate the work done

3) A crane lifts an 80kg box 20m off the ground, gravity is 9.8N/kg. Calculate the following;
a) The work done by the crane

b) The GPE of the box at its highest point

4) A man weighs 900N, his bag has a mass of 80kg and he climbs 20m up some stairs, calculate the
work done.

3
 I started the work sheet at box number

Answers
Answers
Higher
Higher
Markscheme
Forces and Elasticity Date
……………………………
Success Criteria
1) I can describe the difference between elastic deformation and inelastic deformation
2) I can link the different types of deformation to everyday objects
3) I can calculate force, spring constant and the extension of a spring

Keywords
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
• .……………………………………………………………………………………
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
• ………………………………………………………………………………………
• ………………………………………………………………………………………

Stretching, compressing or bending transfers energy.

In the table below write the meaning of elastically deformed and inelastically
deformed.
Elastically deformed Inelastically deformed
............................................................. .............................................................
............................................................. .............................................................
............................................................. .............................................................
............................................................. .............................................................
............................................................. .............................................................

1) Why do you need more that one for to stretch, compress or bend an object?
........................................................................................................................................
......................................
........................................................................................................................................
......................................

2) An object is stretched and then goes back to its original shape,

a) What type of deformation is this?
........................................................................................................................................
......................................
b) Give an example of this from everyday life.
........................................................................................................................................
......................................
........................................................................................................................................
......................................

3) An object is squashed and does not go back to its original shape

 To the left is the formula
triangle that we can use to
Force, spring constant and
extension
Force measured in NEWTONS (N)
Spring constant measured in N/m
Extension measured in Metres
(m)

From this equation we can say that the extension on a

spring is directly proportional to the force applied.

Until the force gets too big!

Explain the information that we can get
from this graph.
………………………………………………………
………………………………
………………………………………………………
…………………………………
………………………………………………………
…………………………………
………………………………………………………
…………………………………
………………………………………………………
…………………………………

How could you link limit of proportionality to elastic and inelastic deformation?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
If you scored 0-1 on the progress portal sit with your teacher for 5 minutes.
2-3 Attempt boxes 1 and 2boxes using your equation sheet to help.
If you got 4 correct, attempt box 2 without using the equation sheet and box 3 with the equations.
If you got all 5 correct, attempt box 2 and 3 without using the equation sheet

1) Spring Constant = 50N/m, Extension = 5m. Calculate Force.

2) Spring Constant = 100N/m, Extension = 20m. Calculate Force.

3) Spring Constant = 600N/m, Extension = 15m. Calculate Force.

4) Spring Constant = 900N/m, Extension = 10m. Calculate Force.

1
1) Spring Constant = 40N/m, Extension = 5m. Calculate Force.

2) Spring Constant = 500N/m, Extension = 6m. Calculate Force.

3) Force = 100N, Extension = 20m. Calculate spring constant.

4) Force = 1500N, Extension = 9m. Calculate spring constant.

5) Force = 200N, Spring constant = 40N/m. Calculate extension.

6) Force = 30N, Spring constant = 30N/m. Calculate extension.

7) Force = 20kN, Spring constant = 40N/m. Calculate extension.

8) Spring Constant = 0.75kN/m, Extension = 50m. Calculate Force.

9) Force = 1000N, Extension = 500cm. Calculate spring constant.

2
1) A man with a mass of 100kg is hanging of a spring, the spring extends by 20m, gravity = 9.8N/kg.
Calculate the spring constant

2) A woman is attached to the ceiling by a spring. The spring has a spring constant of 10N/m and the
woman has a mass of 50kg. How far will the spring extend?

3) An object hangs from a spring and is 40m in the air. The object has a gravitational potential energy
store of 20000J. Gravity = 9.8N/kg. The spring has extended by 5m. Calculate the spring constant.

3
 I started the work sheet at box number

Answers
Higher
 Investigating springs (RP)
Date ……………………………
Use the headings to complete a full experimental write up. Use you
write up checklist to make sure you have covered all of the necessary
points.

“Investigating the link between force and extension of a spring”

Aim

Hypothesis

Equipment

Diagram
Investigating springs (RP)

Method

Risk
assessment
Investigating springs (RP)
Date ……………………………
Results table

Graph
Investigating springs (RP)

Conclusion
Investigating springs (RP)

Evaluation