Presentation Layout

1-Introduction
1.1- What is Nanotechnology?
1.1.1- Why nanoscale?
1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?
1.1.3- Nanomaterials’ characteristics
1.2- When Nanotechnology started
1.3- Approaches of Nanotechnology
1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?
2- Applications of Nanotechnology
1.1- What is Nanotechnology?

 The design, characterization, and

application of structures, devices, and
systems by controlled manipulation of size
and shape of materials at the nanometer
scale (atomic, molecular, and
macromolecular scale) ,
 To produce materials with at least one
novel/superior characteristic or property.
Why Nanoscale?

A nanometer (nm) is one thousand

millionth of a meter. People are
interested in the nanoscale because
at this scale physical and chemical
properties of materials differ
significantly from those at a larger
scale.
Why Nanoscale?
 1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

Is defined as any material that has unique

or novel properties, due to the nanoscale
( nano metre- scale) structuring.
These are formed by incorporation or
structuring of nanoparticles.
They are subdivided into nanocrystals,
nanopowders, and nanotubes: A sequence
of nanoscale of C60 atoms arranged in a
long thin cylindrical structure.
?What is nanomaterial -1.1.2
carbon nanotubes
?What is nanomaterial - 1.1.2
Noble metal nanocrystals with cyclic
penta-twinned structures
?What is nanomaterial -1.1.2
Naonpowder
1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

Nanotubes are extremely strong

mechanically and very pure
conductors of electric current.
Applications of the nanotube
include resistors, capacitors, ind
uctors, diodes
and transistors. ),.
1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

Nanomaterials are interesting

because at the small scale,
materials have fundamentally
different properties than at the
bulk due to increased surface
area to volume ratios.
1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

Increased interaction and reactvity is

one
of the by products of materials that
are nanoscale, which means
potentially using less of the material
or that even on the nanoscale the
properties are so utterly different
from that of the bulk scale.

1.1.2- Nanomaterials’
Characteristics

Most of them are novel, why?

One definition of novel materials
is:
(new forms of existing materials
with characteristics that differ
significantly from familiar or
naturally-occurring forms.)
Nanomaterials can have one, two or
three dimensions in the nanoscale:
 1.1.2- Nanomaterials’ Characteristics

Category of nanomaterials example

One-dimensional nanomaterials layers, multi-layers, thin films, platelets and surface
coatings. They have been developed and used for
decades, particularly in the electronics industry.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials nanowires, nanofibres made from a variety of

elements other than carbon, nanotubes and, a
subset of this group, carbon nanotubes.

Three-dimensional nanomaterials are known as nanoparticles and include

precipitates, colloids and quantum dots (tiny
particles of semiconductor materials), and
Nanocrystalline materials
1.2- When Nanotechnology started

In some senses, nanoscience and

nanotechnologies are not new.
Chemists have been making
polymers, which are large molecules
made up of nanoscale subunits, for
many decades and nanotechnologies
have been used to create the tiny
features on computer chips for the
past 20 years.
1.2- When Nanotechnology started

However, advances in the tools

that now allow atoms and
molecules to be examined and
probed with great precision have
enabled the expansion and
development of nanoscience and
nanotechnologies.
1.3- Approaches of Nanotechnology
(growth methods ):
1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?
Bottom-up approaches seek to have
smaller components built up into more
complex assemblies, while top-down
approaches seek to create nanoscale
devices by using larger, externally
controlled ones to direct their assembly.
The top-down approach often uses the
traditional workshop or micro-fabrication
methods where externally controlled tools
are used to cut, mill, and shape materials
into the desired shape and order.
1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?
Micropatterning techniques, such
as photolithography and inkjet
printing belong to this category.
Bottom-up approaches, in contrast,
use the chemical properties of single
molecules to cause single-molecule
components to
 (a) self-organize or self-assemble
into some useful conformation, or
(b) rely on positional assembly.
1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?
2- Applications of Nanotechnology:
2.1 General Applications
Application Examples

Medicine Diagnostics, Drug delivery, Tissue engineering,

Cryonics

Information and communication Memory storage, Novel semiconductor devices,

Novel optoelectronic devices, Displays,
Quantum computers

Heavy Industry Aerospace, Catalysis, Catalysis, Construction

Vehicle manufacturers

Consumer goods Foods, Household, Optics, Textiles, Cosmetics,

Sports

Environment
2.2- Environmental Applications
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Application Examples

Carbon capture Photocatalyst consisting of silica Nanosprings

coated with a combination of titanium dioxide

Sensors Pollutants sensors that able to detect lower limits

with low cost

Remediation (decontamination, oil spill Heavy metal decontaminant removes heavy metals
management) such as lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper,
manganese and cobalt in a neutral pH environment
without using any form of sulphur.

Wastewater treatment Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies' ceramic

membrane modules, utilizing the CeraMem
technology platform, can be supplied with a variety
of inorganic microfiltration and ultrafiltration
membranes.

Energy Heat distribution e.g. ceramic-like

materials that provide sufficient reliability and
durability of the entire structure

Drinking water purification

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