INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF FINANCE

TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Theme :
Expressions : Collocations / Phrasal verbs / Idioms / Compounds

Teacher:

ISFT – 2024
 What is collocation ?

Collocation is a pair or group of words that are often used together ( word partner)
These combinations sound natural to native speakers , but students of English have to
make a special effort to learn them because they are often difficult to guess.
 Why should we learn collocations ?

1
Your language will be more natural and more easily understood . Smoking is strictly
forbidden is more natural than smoking is strongly forbidden .

2 It is easier for our brains to remember and use language in chunks or blocks
rather than as single words.

3
You will have alternative and richer ways of expressing yourself . Instead of saying it
was very cold and very dark ; we can say it was bitterly cold and pitch .

4
Improve your style in writing . We may not need or want to use these in informal
conversations, but in writing they can give our text more variety and make it read better.
How collocations differ from compound words and idioms ?

Idioms are group of words in a fixed

Compounds are units of meaning order that have a meaning that
formed with two or more words . cannot be guessed by knowing
meaning of the individual words.

Sometimes the words are written

separately, sometimes they are An idiom is a full expression.
written as one word.

Usually the meaning of the Pass the buck is a n idiom to pass

compound can be guessed knowing responsibility for a problem to another
the meaning of the individual person to avoid dealing with it oneself
words. .
 Different types of collocations

adj+noun noun+noun verb + noun adv+ adj Verb + prep Verb +adv

Blonde Beautifully Work out a Breathe deeply

Pack of dogs Leave home
hair behaved solution

Not
Not Not Not Not Not

Breathe
Yellow think out a
Group of dogs Go away from Precisely behaved profoundly
hair solution
Different types of collocations
 What are idioms ?

Idioms are phrases with meanings that are not obvious from the
individual words

Example
Examples : Break the ice , hit the nail on the head , spill the beans
Piece of cake – something very
Importance : Idioms add color and imagery to language , often reflecting cultural references
easy
Under the weather – feeling ill
Let the cat out of the bag – reveal
a secret
 Differences between collocations and idioms

Collocations Idioms Example comparison

Word pairs or groups Figurative expressions Collocation : make progress

that frequently go that convey meanings Idiom : make waves ( to
together in predictable different from the literal cause a disturbance or
ways meanings of their words controversy

. .
Why should we Learn Collocations and Idioms ? ?

- Enhance Fluency: Makes speech sound

more natural and native-like.
- Improve Understanding: Helps with
comprehension when listening to native
speakers or consuming media.
- Cultural Insight: Idioms often reflect
cultural nuances and history.
 PHRASAL VERBS

r as a l
A p h
is a combination of a main verb example
v er b
and one or more particles (which
could be prepositions or adverbs)
that, when used together, create a s
Turn down (to reject)
"She turned down the job
meaning different from the offer.“
original verb. The particle often Look up (to search for
changes or extends the meaning information)“
of the verb, sometimes in a way I need to look up that word in
the dictionary.“
that is not immediately obvious
Give up (to quit or stop
from the words themselves. trying)“
He decided to give up
smoking.
.
 Characteristics of Phrasal Verbs

Multiple Meanings Idiomatic Nature Context – dependent

Many phrasal verbs have

multiple meanings, which can Phrasal verbs are often The meaning of a phrasal verb can
make them challenging for idiomatic, meaning their meanings depend on the context in which it is
learners. are not always literal or easy to used, adding another layer of
Example: "Take off" can mean deduce from the words alone. complexity.
to remove something (e.g., "Take Example: "Break up" (to end a Example: "Set up" can mean to
off your shoes.") or for a plane to relationship) vs. "break" and "up" establish something (e.g., "He set
begin flying (e.g., "The plane individually. up a new business.") or to arrange
took off on time."). . (e.g., "They set up a meeting.").
 Common phrasal verbs and their meanings

Break down - to stop functioning (vehicle, machine)"The car broke down on the
highway’’.
Call off - to cancel something "They called off the meeting.“
Come across - to find or meet by chance "I came across some old photos yesterday”
Find out - to discover or learn something "I need to find out the truth.”
"Run out of - to use up all of something "We ran out of milk.“
Put off - to postpone or delay“ Let's put off the meeting until next week.“
Look after - to take care of "She looks after her younger brother.“
Get along - to have a good relationship “They get along well with each other.“
Pick up - to lift something or someone / to learn something new"I’ll pick up the
groceries." / "She picked up some Spanish while traveling.“
Take up - to start doing a new activity"He took up playing the guitar last year."
 Group work

https://wordwall.net/resource/57892127

Title r Position
 Individual work

Activit
y !
https://wordwall.net/resource/3200491/english/compound-nouns-

collocations-quiz#:~:text=https%3A//wordwall.net/resource/

3200491
 TEST
What does "hit the nail on the head" mean?
- A) To make a mistake
- B) To miss an opportunity
- C) To literally hit a nail
- D) to describe something perfectly

Which of the following is an example of a phrasal verb with multiple meanings?

- A)Find out
- B) Take off
- C) Look up
- D) Run out of

What makes phrasal verbs difficult to learn for non-native speakers?

- A) They are always literal
- B) They only have one meaning
- C) They always have the same meaning
- D) Their meanings are often idiomatic and context-dependent
 TEST
Which of the following is an example of a collocation?
- A) Pack of dogs
- B) Hit the nail on the head
- C) Under the weather
- D) Break the ice

Which of the following is an example of an adjective + noun collocation?

- A)Blonde hair
- B) Bitterly cold
- C) Beautifully behaved
- D) Five boys

What is the primary reason for learning collocations?

- A) To sound more natural and be easily understood
- B) To improve our memory
- C) To avoid using idioms
- D) To learn
 References
1. Haydarova N.M. Discourse analysis and activities – Buxoro -2021 Active grammar level
2Fiona Davis, Wayne Rimmer Cambridge University Press 2011K-44493
2. Mark Nettle .Developing Grammar in Context ,Cambridge University Press 2008
Textbook81.432.1 H 79 925 738 №1
3. Mark Nettle and Diana Hopkins ,Developing Grammar in context,1998, Cambridge
University PressK-43832
4. Michael McCarthy, Felicity O’Dell ,English Vocabulary in Use Advanced Cambridge
University Press 2008 Textbook 81.432.1 M 44 925 737 №1
5. Michael Vince Language Practice New Edition B2 Student's Book.Macmillan publishers 2014