Scribd
Upload
31 views7 pages

D and F Block Elements

Uploaded by

syinoanna06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views7 pages

D and F Block Elements

Uploaded by

syinoanna06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS

WEIGHTAGE : 7
d Block elements
 Position
 Transition elements
• Large middle section
 Groups 3 – 12
• Between s and p block , so name
 4 long periods
“transition is given.
 3d series (Sc to Zn)
• d-orbitals of penultimate energy level
 4d series ( Y to Cd)
receive electrons.
 5d series ( La to Hg, omitting Ce to Lu)  General electronic configuration:
 6d series (from Ac )incomplete
(n-1)d1-10 ns1-2
 Transition element is defined as the one
which has incompletely filled d orbitals in its
ground state or in any one of its oxidation
states.
 Zn, Cd, Hg are not regarded as transition
elements because of full d10 configuration in
ground state and common oxidation states.
Exceptions;
Because very small energy difference between (n-1)d and ns orbitals.
o Configuration of Cr and Cu

Configuration of Zn , Cd, Hg ; (n-1)d10 ns2

d orbitals project to the periphery of an atom….influenced by surroundings. Ions with same d n configuration have
similar magnetic and electronic properties.

Can form coloured compounds


Exhibit various oxidation states.
Complex formation
Catalytic property
Paramagnetic behaviour.

Physical properties: typical metallic properties (high tensile strength, ductility, malleability, high thermal and
electrical conductivity), - except Zn, Cd, Hg and Mn: hard and low volatility, - except Zn, Cd, Hg : melting and
boiling points are high
High Melting Point
involvement of greater number of electrons. i.e, ns and (n-1)d electrons in interatomic metallic bonding.
In a row, MP rise max. up to d5 then fall.
High enthalpies of atomization or high boiling point
imp to determine standard electrode potential.
maximum at the middle of series. Because one unpaired electron per d orbital – favourable for strong interatomic
interaction.

Greater the number of valence electrons stronger the bonding.

Variation in atomic and ionic sizes


In series, decrease in radius with increase in atomic number.
Bcoz, new electron enters to the same d orbital each time but nuclear charge increases – shielding effect of d electrons not
effective – net electrostatic attraction between nuclear charge and outermost electron increases – ionic radius decreases

Same for atomic radii too……..


Atomic radii increases with increase in atomic number.
Atomic radii of one series becomes similar to other…- due to 4f orbitals
The filling of 4f before 5d orbitals results in a regular decrease in atomic radii called LANTHANOID CONTRACTION.
second and third series exhibit similar radii. Eg. Zr and Hf
This is due to imperfect shielding.
From Ti to Cu – increase in electron density

Ionization enthalpy
From left to right, increase in nuclear charge so increase in ionization enthalpy
1. Metallic radii of some transition elements are given below. Which of these elements will have highest density?
(a) Fe - 126 (b) Co 125 (c) Ni 125 (c) Cu 128

(A) : In transition elements ns orbital is filled up first and (n - 1 )d afterwards, during ionization ns electrons are lost prior
to (n-l)delectrons.
(R) : The effective nuclear charge felt by (n - 1 )d electrons is higher as compared to that by ns electrons.

(A) : Zn, Cd and Hg cannot be regarded as transition elements.


(R) : These elements do not belong to the d block of the periodic table.

(B) : Manganese shows the highest oxidation state of +7 in 3d series.


(R) : Transition metals show variable oxidation states.

(C) : Transition metals have low melting points.


(R) : The involvement of greater number of (n - 1 )d and ns electrons in the interatomic metallic bonding.

(D) : Copper is a non-transition element.


(R) : Copper has completely filled d orbitals in its ground state.

(E) : Transition metals have high melting point.


(R) : Transition metals have completely filled d orbitals.
(A) : Members of 4d and 5d series of transition elements have nearly same atomic radii.
(R) : Atomic and ionic radii for transition elements are smaller than their corresponding s-block elements.

1. Copper atom has completely filled d orbitals in its ground state but it is a transition element , why?
2. Give reason : Zn is soft whereas Cr is hard.

You might also like